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1 Biomechanics > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal end feel knee extension

A

soft tissue stretch, firm

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2
Q

Normal end feel knee flexion

A

soft tissue approximation

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3
Q

Degrees of Freedom for Knee

A

Sagittal plane, mediolateral axis
Transverse plane, longitudinal axis

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4
Q

Knee flexion normative value

A

0-135°, PROM 150°

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5
Q

Knee Extension normative value

A

0-15°

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6
Q

Tibial Rotation

A

approximately 20° of total arc

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7
Q

Gait on a level surface

A

60° of knee flexion

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8
Q

Getting up from a chair

A

95-105° knee flexion

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9
Q

Descending stairs

A

86-107°knee flexion

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10
Q

Kneeling

A

144° knee flexion

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11
Q

Putting on a sock

A

117° of knee flexion

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12
Q

Riding a bike

A

90-100°

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13
Q

Knee Flexion PROM/AROM

A

Axis: lateral femoral condyle
Stationary Arm: along lateral line of femur in line with greater trochanter
Moving arm: in line with lateral malleous

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14
Q

Knee Extension PROM/AROM

A

Axis: lateral femoral condyle
Stationary Arm: along lateral line of femur in line with greater trochanter
Moving arm: in line with lateral malleous

might need to bolster ankle in order to extend fully

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15
Q

Hamstring Length normative values

A

Males: 25-30°
Females 15-20°

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16
Q

Screw-home mechanism

A

Approx 10° of tibal ER as the knee locks into extension

Due to shape of medial condyle, tension in ACL, lateral pull of quads

Contributes to increased joint congruency/stability, the popliteus assists in unlocking from knee extension

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17
Q

Tibiofemoral Rotation

A

Can test at 30°, 90°, both supine/prone
maintain neutral DF/PF

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18
Q

Documentation at Flex/Ext

A

0/Ext/Flex = hypo-extension
Ext/0/Flex = hyperextension

+ = hyper
- = hypo

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19
Q

Gait Cycle

A

heel strike of 1 foot to heel strike of same foot
also known as a stride

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20
Q

Stance Phase

A

the limb under consideration is in contact with the ground
60% of of gait cycle

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21
Q

Swing Phase

A

the limb under consideration is not in contact with the ground
40% of gait cycle

22
Q

Stance Phase is made up of

A

Initial Contact
Loading Response
Mid Stance
Terminal Stance
Pre-swing

23
Q

Swing Phase is made up of

A

Initial Swing
Mid Swing
Terminal Swing

24
Q

Single Limb Support

A

80% of gait cycle, only one limb is in contact with ground

25
Q

Double Limb Support

A

20% of gait cycle, both limbs are in contact with ground

26
Q

Initial Contact

A

event that defines the beginning of the gait cycle

27
Q

Loading response

A

begins with initial contact and ends with contralateral toe off, when the opposite extremity leaves the ground

28
Q

Midstance

A

begins with contralateral toe off and ends when the center of gravity is directly over the reference foot

29
Q

Terminal stance

A

begins when the COG is over the supporting foot and ends when the contralateral foot contacts the ground. Heel rises from the ground

30
Q

Pre-swing

A

begins at contralateral initial contact and ends at toe off, at around 60% of gait cycle

31
Q

Initial Swing

A

begins at toe off and continues until max knee flexion occurs

32
Q

Mid-swing

A

period from maximum knee flexion until the tibia is vertical or perpendicular to the ground

33
Q

Terminal swing

A

begins where the tibia is vertical and ends at initial contact

34
Q

Double Support phases

A

initial contact
loading response
pre-swing

35
Q

Single support phases

A

mid stance
terminal stance

36
Q

Step

A

heel strike on 1 side to heel strike on opposite side
1/2 a stride, 1 side to other

37
Q

Stride

A

right + left step, or 1 gait cycle. 1 side to same side

38
Q

Left step

A

stepping ONTO left

39
Q

Right step

A

stepping ONTO right

40
Q

Step length

A

distance between contact of one foot to successive contact of the other foot

41
Q

Stride Length

A

distance between two successive ground contacts of the same foot

42
Q

Step width

A

lateral distance between heel centers of two successive foot contacts

43
Q

Foot angle

A

amount of toe-out or toe-in relative to direction of movement
also called foot progression angle

44
Q

Cadence

A

number of steps per minute, or step rate

45
Q

Stride time

A

time for a full gait cycle

46
Q

Walking Speed

A

distance covered/unit time

47
Q

Increasing Walking Speed

A

increasing stride length or increasing cadence

both strategies are combined until reasonable stride length is reached, then cadence is increased

48
Q

Wider steps

A

wider base of support is equivalent to unstable gait

49
Q

Base of support

A

area beneath person that includes very point of contact that the person makes with the supporting surface

50
Q

Smaller steps

A

small width of steps is correlated to increased fall risk

1 Biomechanics (17 decks)

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