Lecture 17 Geo 3180

Question 1

What are the hard parts of Phlym Echinodermata composed of?

Answer 1

Mg-calcite plates

Question 2

What is the circulatory system of Echinoderms based on?

Answer 2

water vascular system. Instead of blood, so no heart or blood vessels are present

Question 3

How do echinoderms eat/move?

Answer 3

Tube feet

Question 4

Theca:

Answer 4

Skeleton of an individual echinoderm; may be in the form of either a flattened or globular “test” or a cup shaped or nut shaped “calyx”

Question 5

Plates:

Answer 5

Hard elements that make up the theca; composed of Mg-calcite; may be in the form of sharp “spines”, flat “ossicles” or spicule - like “sclerites”

Question 6

Symmetry of Echinoderms:

Answer 6

Usually pentameral; sometimes a secondary bilateral system is imposed on it

Question 7

Water Vascular System:

Answer 7

System of water circulation througout the animal’s body.

Question 8

Madreporite:

Answer 8

Sieve-like plate that serves as the intake to the water vascular system.

Question 9

Tube feet:

Answer 9

Contratile, tubular structures at the distal end of the water vascular system.

Question 10

Ampullae:

Answer 10

Sac-like structures that pump water into and out of the tube feet.

Question 11

Ambulacra:

Answer 11

Areas of the theca (“food grooves”) that contain the tube feet and ampullae.

Question 12

Subphylum Asterozoa:

Answer 12

Star-shaped animals with five or more radiating arms; a centrally located mouth or ventral (oral) side and a slightly off-center anus or dorsal (aboral) side.

Question 13

Asteroids:

Answer 13

“Starfish” have well-developed, open ambulacral grooves lined with tube feet on the ventral (oral) side of the arms, but have no distinct central disc.

Question 14

Ophiuroids:

Answer 14

“Brittle Stars” have an obvious round or pentagonal “central disk”, from which the arms radiate, but the ambulacral grooves are concealed beneath the plates.

Question 15

Subphylum Echinozoa:

Answer 15

Spiny animals without arms

Question 16

Echinoids:

Answer 16

(“Urchins” and their kin) have a rigid test of fused ossicles (calcite plates) and a centrall located ventral (oral) mouth.

Question 17

Regular Echinoids:

Answer 17

(“Sea Urchins”) have long spines, good radial (pentameral) symmetry, and a centrally located anus on the dorsal (aboral) side.

Question 18

Irregular Echinoids:

Answer 18

(flat “Sand Dollars” and globular “Heart Urchins”) have short spines, a seceondary bilateral symmetry, and an off-center anus on the dorsal (aboral) side or at the margin of the test.

Question 19

Subphylum Homalozoa:

Answer 19

“Carpoids” = Unusualy extinct echinoderms that were characterized by a flattened (sometimes heart-shaped) body (either rigid or flexible) with one or more long, arm-like appendages; four different, uncommon classes.

Question 20

Pelma is composed of_

Answer 20

Column + Cirri + Holdfast

Question 21

Column:

Answer 21

Stalk or stem, composed of numerous, linked, disc-shpaed plates

Question 22

Cirri:

Answer 22

Tiny, long, arm-like projections extending off the column.

Question 23

Holdfast:

Answer 23

Club-like or root-like anchor at the base of the column.

Question 24

“Crown” of Crinozoans is composed of_

Answer 24

Calyx + Arms + Pinnules

Question 25

“Crown” of Blastozoans is composed of_

Answer 25

Calyx + Brachioles

Question 26

Calyx:

Answer 26

Theca of the echinoderm, containing the mouth and anus; attached at the column.

Question 27

Arms:

Answer 27

Long, flexible arms of a crinoid that extend from the calyx.

Question 28

Pinnules:

Answer 28

Short, rod-like structures lining the arms of some crinoids.

Question 29

Brachioles:

Answer 29

Long or short, rod-like structures lining the ambulcral grooves of blastoids.

Question 30

Eocrinoids:

Answer 30

had long brachioles rising from 2 to 5 ambulacral grooves on an asymmetrical, globular theca (calyx); pores for the water vascular system occur in sutures between the thecal plates.

Question 31

Cystoids:

Answer 31

comprise two different classes of stalked echinoderms (class rhombifera and class diploporita). They had variable numbers of short brachioles rising from ambulacral grooves on an asymmetrial, globular theca (calyx); pores for the water vascular system occur in the thecal plates themselves as weither “pore rhombs” or “diplopores”

Question 32

Blastoids:

Answer 32

had numerous short or long brachioles rising from 5 well-developed ambulacral grooves on a pentamerally symmetrical, nut-shaped calyx; thecal plates included regularly arranged delotid, radial and basal plates.

Question 33

Subclass Inadunata:

Answer 33

usually (but not always) have pinnules on arms; stalk ususally (but not always) has cirri attached to it.

Question 34

Subclass Camerata:

Answer 34

always have pinnules on arms; stalk usually (but not always) has cirri attached to it.

Question 35

Subclass Flexibilia:

Answer 35

never have pinnules; stalk never has cirri

Question 36

Subclass Articulata:

Answer 36

always have pinnules on arms, always have cirri, but may or may not have a stalk

Question 37

Which of the four subclasses of crinoidea have pinnules?

Answer 37

Usually Inadunata, Always Camerata, Always Articulata, Never Flexibilia

Question 38

What of the four subclasses of crinoidea have cirri?

Answer 38

Usually Inadunata, Usually Camerata, Always Articulata, Never Flexibilia