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Geo 3180 > Body Parts (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Body Parts (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Medusa:

A

Pelagic, sac-like body form or growth stage (Cnidarians)

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2
Q

Polyp:

A

Benthic, barrel-like body form or growth stage (Cnidarians)

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3
Q

Radial symmetry:

A

Multiple vertical symmetry planes radiating outward from the center (Cnidarians)

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4
Q

Basal Disc:

A

Flattened bottom of the polyp, where it attaches to the substrate.

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5
Q

Oral Disc:

A

Flattened top portion of the polyp, on which the mouth occurs. (Cnidarians)

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6
Q

Mouth:

A

The single opening to the central cavity (enteron) (Cnidarians)

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7
Q

Pharynx:

A

Throat-like tube leading from mouth into the central cavity (enteron). (Cnidarians)

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8
Q

Tentacles:

A

Arm-like, cnidoblast-bearing structures surrounding the mouth. (Cnidarians)

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9
Q

Enteron:

A

Central body cavity, which contains mesentery and digestive tissues. (cndarians)

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10
Q

Mesenteries:

A

Radiating vertical sheets of tissue (Cnidarians)

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11
Q

Cnidoblasts:

A

“stinging cells”, which contain the poisonous nematocysts (Cnidarians)

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12
Q

Nematocysts:

A

Toxin-bearing sacs within the cnidoblasts (Cnidarians)

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13
Q

Corallum:

A

Skeleton of the entire coral colony

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14
Q

Corallite:

A

Skeleton of a single coral polyp.

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15
Q

Theca:

A

Outer wall of corallite

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16
Q

Calice:

A

Bowl-shaped top surface of corallite.

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17
Q

Fossula:

A

Deep, slot-like indentation in calice.

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18
Q

Columella:

A

Pillar (axis) in center of corallite.

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19
Q

Septa:

A

Radiating, vertical, blade-like partitions inside corallite.

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20
Q

Tabulae:

A

Stacked, horizontal, platform-like partitions inside corallite.

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21
Q

Dissepiments:

A

Multiple domed plates connecting the septa inside corallite.

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22
Q

Ostium:

A

Small pore in the sponge wall, through which water enters the body.

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23
Q

Canal:

A

Tubular channel starting at an ostium and extending through the sponge wall.

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24
Q

Spongocoel:

A

Large cavity in the interior of the sponge body

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25
Q

Osculum:

A

Large opening, through which water is expelled from the spongocoel.

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26
Q

Spongin:

A

The soft, flexible, organic material that makes many sponges “spongy”

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27
Q

Spicules:

A

Tiny, hard, needle-like structures of either silica or calcite (not all sponges have these)

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28
Q

Zoarium:

A

Skeleton of the entire bryozoan colony; may assume various growth forms, such as encrusting, massive, branching (bush-like or stick-like), etc.

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29
Q

Zoecium:

A

Body wall or skeleton iof individual bryozoan animal

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30
Q

Aperture:

A

Main opening in zoecium through which the animal brings in water & food

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31
Q

Operculum:

A

Hinged lid covering the aperture of some bryozoans (Cheilostomes)

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32
Q

Zooid:

A

Individual bryozoan animal; typically <1mm in diameter

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33
Q

Ancestrula:

A

Initial (sexually produced) zooid of the colony. (Bryozoan)

34
Q

Kenozooids:

A

Individuals specialized for asexual budding of other zooids in the colony. (Bryozoan)

35
Q

Gonozooids:

A

Individuals specialized for producing gametes (sex cells)

36
Q

Autozooids:

A

Normal feeding individuals within the colony.

37
Q

Rhabdosome:

A

Entire graptolite colony

38
Q

Zooid:

A

Individual graptolite animal

39
Q

Theca:

A

Chitinous shell of an individual zooid

40
Q

Sicula:

A

The single, conical theca of the first zooid in the colony; attached at top end to the nema

41
Q

Nema:

A

Hollow thread-like structure extending from the top of the sicula

42
Q

Stipe:

A

Single branch of a colony, containing a string of thecae.

43
Q

Dissepiments:

A

Connections between the stipes of some types of rhabdosomes

44
Q

Lophophore:

A

Distinctive feeding structure inside the brachiopod shell, consisting of two arm-like “brachia” that bear cilia, which beat back and forth in the water to create microcurrents and strain suspended food particles from the water; attached to inside of brachial valve.

45
Q

Brachia:

A

Two arm-like branches of the lophophore; attached to brachial valve.

46
Q

Pedicle:

A

Tough, fleshy stalk attached to pedicle valve and extending from the beak of the shell. (Brachiopod)

47
Q

Mantle:

A

Thin sheet of tissue that lines the inside of the brachiopod shell

48
Q

Periostracum:

A

Brown, scaley, organic “skin” coating the outside of some brachiopod shells.

49
Q

Adductor muscles:

A

Muscles that close the two valves of the shell.

50
Q

Diductor muscles:

A

Muscles that open the two valves of the shell (only found in Articulates).

51
Q

Pedicle adjustor muscles:

A

Muscles that move the main body mass around at the end of the pedicle (only found in Articulates).

52
Q

Oblique muscles:

A

Muscles that rotate and/or slide the two valves with respect to one another (only found in Inarticulates).

53
Q

Valves:

A

The two main parts of the brachiopod shell

54
Q

Brachial valve:

A

“Dorsal” valve, to which the lophopore is attached

55
Q

Pedicle valve;

A

“Ventral” valve, to which the pedicle is attached.

56
Q

Commissure:

A

Broad “anterior” margin of the shell opposite the pedicle and hinge.

57
Q

Beak:

A

Pointed “posterior” end of the shell, from which the pedicle protrudes.

58
Q

Hinge:

A

Structure at the beak that holds the two valves together and allows them to open and close in an articulated fashion (only found in Articulates).

59
Q

Tooth & socket structure:

A

Small projections & corresponding pits on inside of the beak.

60
Q

Interarea:

A

Outside pt of the shell located between the two pointed parts of the beak.

61
Q

Pedicle Opening:

A

Hole or notch in the beak to allow the pedicle to protrude from the shell.

62
Q

Foramen:

A

Round hole on the pedicle valve.

63
Q

Delthyrium:

A

“V”-shaped notch on pedicle valve.

64
Q

Notothyrium:

A

“V”-shaped notch on brachial valve.

65
Q

Brachidium:

A

Calcareous lophophore support on insde of bracial valve (only in Articulates)

66
Q

Crura:

A

Simple, forked brachidium in Rhynchonellids

67
Q

Spiralium:

A

Ornate, coiled brachidium in Spiriferids

68
Q

Loop:

A

Curved, lasso-like brachidium in Terebratulids

69
Q

Fold:

A

Broad central ridge (usually on brachial valve) extending from beak to commissure.

70
Q

Sulcus:

A

Deep central groove (usually on pedicle valve) corresponding to the fold.

71
Q

Laminae

A

Individual, thin, calcite layers that make up the stromatoporoid skeleton.

72
Q

Latilaminae:

A

Discrete units of multiple calcite laminae.

73
Q

Pillars:

A

Long calcite rods within the latilaminae; oriented perpendicular to the laminae.

74
Q

Mamelons:

A

Rounded bumps on the surface of a stromatoporoid skeleton.

75
Q

Astrohizae:

A

Star-like arrangment of radiating, branching grooves on the mamelons.

76
Q

Outer Wall:

A

Outermost of the two concentric walls of an archaeocyathid.

77
Q

Inner Wall:

A

Innermost of the two concentric walls of an archaeocyathid.

78
Q

Septa (Parietal Walls):

A

Rigid, radiating partitions that separate the outer and inner walls.

79
Q

Intervallum:

A

Open space between the outer and inner walls.

80
Q

Central cavity:

A

Open space inside the inner wall

81
Q

Tip:

A

Pointed bottom end of the archaeocyathid skeleton

82
Q

Holdfast:

A

Calcareous projections of the skeleton near its tip, which serves to anchor the archaeocyathid skeleton in place in the sediment.

Geo 3180 (25 decks)

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