Final ish review for exam 1

Question 1

ontogeny

Answer 1

Growth stages from birth to death of individual organisms

Question 2

Phylogeny

Answer 2

Evolutionary history of a taxonomic group of organisms

Question 3

Analogy

Answer 3

Morphologic convergence of features with separate evolutionary origins

Question 4

Homology

Answer 4

Morphologic divergence of features with same evolutionary origin.

Question 5

Holotype:

Answer 5

Single type specimen representing a taxon

Question 6

Paratype(s):

Answer 6

Additional specimen(s) to reinforce the holotype

Question 7

Syntypes:

Answer 7

Multiple type specimens (as opposed to a single holotype)

Question 8

Neotype:

Answer 8

New type specimen to replace a lost or destroyed holotype

Question 9

Topotype(s):

Answer 9

Specimens collected from the same locality as the holotype or syntypes.

Question 10

Stromatolites:

Answer 10

Layered mats, mounds & columns created by multiple sheets of cyanobacteria.

Question 11

Oncolites:

Answer 11

Concentrically layered “algal balls” created by multiple sheets of cyanobacteria.

Question 12

Allopatric Speciation:

Answer 12

The speciation model by which two or more new species appear as a result of evolution occurring in different populations of the same ancestral species that were geographically separated over an extended length of time.

Question 13

Stratigraphy:

Answer 13

The science of dating and correlating geologic units of various types.

Question 14

Lithostratigraphy:

Answer 14

Stratigraphy based on rock types and lithologic characteristics.

Question 15

Biostratigraphic zones:

Answer 15

The various kinds of units employed for biostratigraphic correlation.

Question 16

Biozone:

Answer 16

Total geologic range of a given species

Question 17

Range zone:

Answer 17

Time between the first and last occurrences of a species in the study area.

Question 18

Concurrent Range Zone:

Answer 18

Overlapping ranges of different species

Question 19

Assemblage Zone:

Answer 19

Zone based on several different species that usually occur together.

Question 20

Peak Zone:

Answer 20

Zone based on peak abundance of species

Question 21

Facies

Answer 21

Group of beds with recurrent characteristics that reflect the depositional environment

Question 22

Index fossil vs Facies fossil

Answer 22

narrow age range vs broad age range but restricted paleoenviornmental significant

Question 23

Stratigraphic leaking

Answer 23

Younger fossils residing in older rocks.

Question 24

Stratigraphic reworking

Answer 24

Older fossils residing in younger rocks

Question 25

Signor-Lipps Effect

Answer 25

Owing to sparse distribution and incomplete preservation of fossil asemblages it is difficult to differentiate between sudden or gradual extinction patterns.