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103 Theme 3 > Lecture 17: Dyslipidaemias > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Dyslipidaemias Flashcards

1
Q

what is the framingham heart study

A
  • initiated in 1948
  • in Massachusetts
  • identify risk factors that contribute to CVD
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2
Q

what is the caephilly heart disease study

A
  • initiated in 1979
  • in Wales
  • similar to framingham, identifes risk factors for CVD
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3
Q

what is the cholesterol treatment trialists collaboration

A
  • group of scientists and statisticians
  • established in 1994
  • conduct meta analyses of long term large scale trials on lipid intervention therapies
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4
Q

what did the cholesterol treatment trialists find

A
  • lowering LDL levels reduces risk of major vascular events

- in men, women, and diabetics

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5
Q

what is the copenhagen city heart study

A
  • aims on prevention of CHD and stroke
  • randomised trial of 25000 people, white men and women aged 20-93
  • study includes questionnaires, clinical assessment and biomarkers
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6
Q

what tool is used to calculate risk of developing cvd

A

QRISK3

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7
Q

when would you consider prescribing statins to a patient

A

QRISK score over 10

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8
Q

what is measured in a full lipid profile

A
  • total cholesterol
  • HDL cholesterol
  • non-HDL cholesterol
  • triglycerides
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9
Q

common secondary causes of dyslipidaemia

A
  • excess alcohol
  • uncontrolled diabetes
  • hypothyroidism
  • liver disease
  • nephrotic syndrome
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10
Q

treatment for primary prevention of dyslipidaemia

A

atorvastatin 20mg

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11
Q

treatment for secondary prevention of dyslipidaemia

A

atorvastatin 80mg

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12
Q

which enzyme do statins inhibit

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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13
Q

what does ezetimibe inhibit

A

NPC1L1 membrane transporter

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14
Q

what is seen in hypercholesterolaemia

A
  • raised TC

- rased LDLC

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15
Q

what is seen in mixed hyperlipidaemia

A
  • raised TC
  • raised LDLC
  • raised TG
  • often low HDLC
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16
Q

what is see in hypertriglyceridaemia

A

elevated TG

17
Q

what is a biomarker for cvd

A

lipoprotein(a)

18
Q

what does Apo(a) do

A
  • physiological function unknown

- resembles plasminogen, so involved in causing atherosclerosis and thrombus formation

19
Q

what can reduce lipoprotein (a) levels

A
  • lipid apheresis
  • PCSK9 inhibitor
  • antisense therapy
20
Q

what level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of cvd events

A

> 300 mg/L

21
Q

what is the mutation in familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

mutation in LDLR gene

22
Q

clinical manifestations of familial hypercholesterolaemia

A
  • tendon xanthoma
  • corneal arcus
  • cholesterol deposits on skin
23
Q

treatment for familial hypercholesterolaemia

A
  • low sat fat diet and exercise
  • statins
  • ezitimibe
  • PCSK9 inhibitor

103 Theme 3 (17 decks)

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