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Human Anatomy > Lecture 16 Content > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Content Flashcards

1
Q

where do the cranial nerves project from?

A

brain stem

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2
Q

What are the 5 types of cranial nerves?

A 
Somatic afferent (sensory)
Somatic efferent (motor)
Visceral afferent  (sensory
Visceral efferent (motor) 
Special sensory afferent (sensory)
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3
Q

what does the somatic afferent CNs do?

A

Skin, skeletal muscle, joints, ect to CNS (INTO cord)

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4
Q

What does the Somatic efferent CN’s do?

A

CNS to skin, skeletal muscle (EXITS from cord)

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5
Q

What does visceral afferent CN’s do?

A

Blood vessels, gut lungs, etc (INTO CORD) into CNS

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6
Q

What does the visceral efferent CN’s?

A

CNS to gut, blood vessels, lungs (Exits the cord)

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7
Q

What does the Special sensory afferent CN’s do?

A

Ears, eyes, nose, tounge

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8
Q

What does the Sympathetic division do?

A

fight/flight

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9
Q

What does the parasympathetic division do?

A

rest/digest

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10
Q

How do the organs function based on which division?

A

Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation

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11
Q

What is the 2 motor system?

A

ANS

  1. Pre-ganglionic fibers (A-CH)
    • synapse onto autonomic ganglion throughout body
  2. Post-ganglionic fibers (Norepinephin)
    • synapse onto target organ
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12
Q

What happens in the Sympathetic division response?

A
  • Mental awareness and increase metabolism
  • increase respiratory rate + heart rate
  • activation of sweat gland
  • stops urinary and digestive functions
  • stops blood supply to urinary digestive organs
  • sexual functions (SHOOT) ejaculation
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13
Q

What part is the Thoracolumbar division part of? and explain

A

part of Sympathetic

  • Pre ganglionic fibers exit from (T1-L2)
  • pre ganglionic fibers and post. are SAME length
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14
Q

Describe the Symathetic chain ganglia?

A
  • segmental auonomic ganglia
  • located on posterior wall of T1-L2
  • integrated additional spinal levels C6 - Co 1)
  • MOST pre - gang. fibers pass though chain ganglia
  • SOME pre - gang. fibers synapse at Cain ganglia
  • SOME post-gang. fibers synaps @ collateral ganglia
  • SOME pst-gang. fibers are associated with CN’s
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15
Q

What is the neurotransmiter for pre-gang. fibers? - SYMPATHETIC

A
  • Acetylcholine (ACh)
  • response of short duration
  • system easily “turned off”
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16
Q

What is the neurotrasmiter for post-gang. fibers? - SYMPATHETIC

A
  • Norepinephrine
  • may be long lasting
  • System not easily “turned off”
17
Q

What happens in the parasympathetic division?

A

rest/digest

  • decrease metabolism
  • decrease respiratory rate and heart rate
  • activation salivary and digestive glands
  • increase blood supply to urinary and digestive organs
  • increase GI activity, urination, and defaction
  • sexual function (hard) POINT
18
Q

What part is the craniosacral division part of? and describe it?

A

parasympathetic
- MOST pre-gang. fibers bundled bundles with CN’s III, VII, IX, X
(3, 7, 9, 10)
- SOME pre-gang. fibers bundled with S2-4 (pudendal)
-Pre-gang. fibers are much longer than post-gang. fibers

19
Q

Where are the parasympathetic ganglion located at?

A

located near or at their target

20
Q

What nerotransmitter does the parasympathetic use?

A

BOTH pre-gang. and post-gang. fibers use (ACh)

21
Q

What is Homeostasis? requires?

A

maintaining the ‘status quo’

  • requires physiological coordination of many organs
  • integration of both nervous and endocrine system
22
Q

What does the nervous system do for us?

A
  • instuctions to a target organ
  • via cranial and peripherial nerves
  • localized effects on specific target organs
  • short term effects with IMMEDIATE recovery
23
Q

What is the endocine system activity?

A

HAPPENS IN CELL NUCLEUS
- utilizes hormones to send messages throughout the body
- response take a while to start but lasts long time
(long term with slow recovery)
- Hormones circulate throughout the blood stream, affect target, and are broken down by the liver or fitered by kidney
- hormones alter functions at cellular level

24
Q

What does the endocine system do for us?

A

instruction to a target organ

  • via chemical messengers = hormons via blood supply
  • wide spread systemic affects
  • long term affects with slow recovery
25
Q

How does the hormones directly alter cellular functions?

A
  • they penetrate cell and enter the cell nucleus
  • attach to specific DNA segments
  • stimulate new protein/enzyme synthesis

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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