Lecture 16 Content Flashcards
where do the cranial nerves project from?
brain stem
What are the 5 types of cranial nerves?
Somatic afferent (sensory) Somatic efferent (motor) Visceral afferent (sensory Visceral efferent (motor) Special sensory afferent (sensory)
what does the somatic afferent CNs do?
Skin, skeletal muscle, joints, ect to CNS (INTO cord)
What does the Somatic efferent CN’s do?
CNS to skin, skeletal muscle (EXITS from cord)
What does visceral afferent CN’s do?
Blood vessels, gut lungs, etc (INTO CORD) into CNS
What does the visceral efferent CN’s?
CNS to gut, blood vessels, lungs (Exits the cord)
What does the Special sensory afferent CN’s do?
Ears, eyes, nose, tounge
What does the Sympathetic division do?
fight/flight
What does the parasympathetic division do?
rest/digest
How do the organs function based on which division?
Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation
What is the 2 motor system?
ANS
- Pre-ganglionic fibers (A-CH)
- synapse onto autonomic ganglion throughout body
- Post-ganglionic fibers (Norepinephin)
- synapse onto target organ
What happens in the Sympathetic division response?
- Mental awareness and increase metabolism
- increase respiratory rate + heart rate
- activation of sweat gland
- stops urinary and digestive functions
- stops blood supply to urinary digestive organs
- sexual functions (SHOOT) ejaculation
What part is the Thoracolumbar division part of? and explain
part of Sympathetic
- Pre ganglionic fibers exit from (T1-L2)
- pre ganglionic fibers and post. are SAME length
Describe the Symathetic chain ganglia?
- segmental auonomic ganglia
- located on posterior wall of T1-L2
- integrated additional spinal levels C6 - Co 1)
- MOST pre - gang. fibers pass though chain ganglia
- SOME pre - gang. fibers synapse at Cain ganglia
- SOME post-gang. fibers synaps @ collateral ganglia
- SOME pst-gang. fibers are associated with CN’s
What is the neurotransmiter for pre-gang. fibers? - SYMPATHETIC
- Acetylcholine (ACh)
- response of short duration
- system easily “turned off”
What is the neurotrasmiter for post-gang. fibers? - SYMPATHETIC
- Norepinephrine
- may be long lasting
- System not easily “turned off”
What happens in the parasympathetic division?
rest/digest
- decrease metabolism
- decrease respiratory rate and heart rate
- activation salivary and digestive glands
- increase blood supply to urinary and digestive organs
- increase GI activity, urination, and defaction
- sexual function (hard) POINT
What part is the craniosacral division part of? and describe it?
parasympathetic
- MOST pre-gang. fibers bundled bundles with CN’s III, VII, IX, X
(3, 7, 9, 10)
- SOME pre-gang. fibers bundled with S2-4 (pudendal)
-Pre-gang. fibers are much longer than post-gang. fibers
Where are the parasympathetic ganglion located at?
located near or at their target
What nerotransmitter does the parasympathetic use?
BOTH pre-gang. and post-gang. fibers use (ACh)
What is Homeostasis? requires?
maintaining the ‘status quo’
- requires physiological coordination of many organs
- integration of both nervous and endocrine system
What does the nervous system do for us?
- instuctions to a target organ
- via cranial and peripherial nerves
- localized effects on specific target organs
- short term effects with IMMEDIATE recovery
What is the endocine system activity?
HAPPENS IN CELL NUCLEUS
- utilizes hormones to send messages throughout the body
- response take a while to start but lasts long time
(long term with slow recovery)
- Hormones circulate throughout the blood stream, affect target, and are broken down by the liver or fitered by kidney
- hormones alter functions at cellular level
What does the endocine system do for us?
instruction to a target organ
- via chemical messengers = hormons via blood supply
- wide spread systemic affects
- long term affects with slow recovery
How does the hormones directly alter cellular functions?
- they penetrate cell and enter the cell nucleus
- attach to specific DNA segments
- stimulate new protein/enzyme synthesis
