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Human Anatomy > Lecture 13 content > Flashcards

Lecture 13 content Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Awareness
  • coordination and control
  • memory and learning
  • establishing patterns of response
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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A
  • Brain

- Spinal cord

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3
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Cranial nerves - motor and sensory nerves
Spinal nerves - motor and sensory nerves
- controls skeletal muscle contraction
- voluntary and involuntary/ reflexive control

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4
Q

What makes the ANS?

A

Autonamic nervous system

  • sympathetic - (thoracolumbar) division (speeds heart)
  • parasympathetic - (craniosacral) division (slows heart rate)
    - controls smooth muscle contraction ( gut and vasculature)
    - cannot control (involuntary)
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5
Q

What are the components of a Generic Neuron?

A
  • Soma
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Synaptic terminals
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6
Q

Soma (cell body)

A

Nucleus, mitochondria

* most lack centrioles ( nerve cells cant divide)

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

receives input from environment or other cells

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8
Q

Axon

A

(cord) - conducts nerve impulse
- hollow extension of soma - cytoplasm
- insulated with myelin shealth = helps preserve/ conduct speed

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9
Q

Synaptic terminals

A

output to muscle/gland/nerve

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10
Q

Anaxonic

A

dendrites and axons look alike - CNS

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11
Q

Bipolar

A

soma are situated between dendrite and axon

- rare: sight, smell, hearing (special senses)

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12
Q

Unipolar

A

soma to one side of axon and dendrite

= SENSORY NERVE endings of the PNS

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13
Q

Multipolar

A

Several dendrites and single axon

- COMMON IN CNS, motor nerves skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Afferent Axons

A

SAD MEV

  • sensory nerves
  • brings sensory info into CNS from tissues and organs
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15
Q

Efferent Axons

A

SAD MEV

  • motor nerves
  • carry motor commands from CNS to muslces/glands
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16
Q

Sensory (affrent) 3 types of receptors

A

IN

  • exterocepters : (enviorment) - touch, temp
  • proproceptors : (position of muscles and joints)
  • interoceptors : - internal enviorment (GI, UG, CV)
17
Q

2 types of Motor (effrent)

A

EXIT
Somatic (PNS) = Skeletal muscle
Visceral motor (ANS) = gut

18
Q

What are the functions of Interneurons in the CNS?

A

(in between neurons)

  • connect between sensory and motor neurons
  • Coordinate sensory input and motor output
  • Outnumber all other types of neurons
19
Q

Where is white matter or myelinated axons in the CNS found?

A

tracts, columns, commissures (inside brain)

20
Q

Where is white matter or myelinated axons in the PNS found?

A

Nerves (outside of bone)

21
Q

Where is grey matter or group of cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nuclei ( cluster)

22
Q

Where is grey matter or group of cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglia (ganglion)

23
Q

What are the neuroglia for the PNS?

A
  1. Satellite cells

2. Schwann cells

24
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells that support

25
Q

What are the neuroglia in CNS?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

26
Q

satellite cells

A
  • surround neuron cell bodies

- exchange of nutrients/waste

27
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • sheath of myelin that surrounds axon
  • aid in repair/regeneration of damage nerves
  • SINGLE axon
28
Q

Astrocytes

A
  • 3-D structure frame work
  • forms blood brain barrier
  • growth and repair
  • interstitial fluid balance in neural tissue
29
Q

Oligodendendrocytes

A

octopus (many axons)

  • sheath of myelin wraps axons of several cells
  • insulates each axon from others
  • binds multiple neurons together (support)
30
Q

Microglia

A

(janitors)

  • small cells with several small branches
  • removal (phagocytosis) of debris and pathogens
31
Q

Endoneurium

A

(Schwann cells) AROUND AXON

32
Q

Perineurium

A

Bundles SEVERAL AXONS into FASCICLE

33
Q

Epineurium

A

bundles SEVERAL FASCICLES into a nerve

34
Q

how does a nerve get destroyed?

A
  1. axons retracts
  2. myelin sheath misalignment
  3. Re-aquisition of target is imited
    - age dependent if axon will grow back
35
Q

Demyelinstion Pathologies

  • where
  • varys
  • caused
  • examples
A
  • occurs in CNS and PNS
  • varying degrees of numbness/paralysis
  • caused by poisoning, disease, genetics
    Ex:
  • heavy metal poisoning (mercury and lead)
  • bacterial insult (diptheria)
    Immune system system dysfunction (multiple sclerosis)
36
Q

Rabies Virus

A
  • travels PNS to CNS (nervous tissue) 100% mortality**
  • carried by carnivorous animals
  • body fluid transfer ( blood, saliva)
  • convulsions, coma, death
37
Q

Gullian - Barre syndrome

A

autoimmune disease

  • attacks myelin in PNS
  • weakness, tingling, +/- paralysis
38
Q

Rabies progression

A
  • tissue type
  • distance from CNS
  • strain of rabies virus
39
Q

Milwaukee proticol

A
  • 11/38 patients have survived
  • heavy does of antiviral drug
  • chemically induced coma

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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