Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > Lecture 15 content > Flashcards

Lecture 15 content Flashcards

1
Q

how does the CNS develop?

A
  • ectoderm folds inwardds to room hollow neural tube
  • central canal is remanant of origional neural tube
  • filled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the general structure of the brain?

A
  • hollow tube filled with CSF

- 3 primary vesicles become 5 secondary brain vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes up the for brain?

A

(prosencephalon

  • telencephalon (cerebrum, basal gangia)
  • diencephalon (hypo -, epi -, thalmus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up the midbrain?

A

(mesencephalon)

- mesencephalon (corpora quadrigemina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

(Rhombencephalon)

  • metencephalo (cerebellum, pons)
  • myelencephalon (medulla obongata )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the lateral ventricles found within?

A

within telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the 3rd ventricle found within?

A

within the diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the 4th ventricle found within?

A

within shared metencephalon and myencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pathway of CSF the ventricles?

A

lateral ventricles (R&L) > intervetebral foramina > 3rd ventricle >mesencehalic aqueduct (aqueduct of mid brain) > 4th ventricle >central canal > subarachnoid space > aracnoid grandulations > Dural sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the typical cross section of the spinal cord?

A 
Cortex: white matter: myelinated axons 
Medulla : grey matter: cell bodies, unmyelinated axons
- central canal filled with CSF 
- Dorsal roots = sensory 
- ventral roots = motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the typical cross section of the brain?

A

cortex: grey matter cell bodies, unmyelinated axons
Medulla white matter: myelinated axons
- central canal expands to form 4 ventricles
- some CN (12) project from brain stem (mixed sensory and motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • Consious thought process
  • intellectual though process
  • memory storage and processing
  • regulation of in-/voluntary somatic motor patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the cerebrum?

A

part of the telencephalon

  • cerebral functions
  • largerst region of the brain
  • hollow
  • surface features
  • 2 hemispheres
  • 4 lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What separates the 2 ventricles?

A

septum pellucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gyri

A

Elevated ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sulci

A

cleft - like depressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do you call deeper grooves between lobes/regions?

A

Fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the hemisphere that splits brain into left and right portions?

A

longitiudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what connects the 2 hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does it mean to be right brained?

A

sensory information, spatial relationships (creative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does it mean to be left brained?

A

language, reading, writing, speaking (logic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

(murders)

  • emotion, motivation, behavioral regulations
  • sense of time, reasoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the speech center or (Brocas area)? and whats its funciton?

A

Fontal lobe on the = left side 97%

- breathing/vocalizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the PRE central gyrus what is the primary cortex?

A

Primary motor cortex: motor homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In the post central sulcus what is the primary cortex?

A

Primary sensory cortex: Sensory homunculcus

26
Q

What are the cortical mapping regions?

A

Broadmans areas

27
Q

What happens to the brain in Alzheimers disease? causes?

A
  • genetic mutations +/- environmental factors
  • decrease in cortical neurons (frontal lobes)
  • decrease in Gyri volume = large sulci
28
Q

definition of Alzheimer disease and the lobes associated with it

A

Progressive loss of neurons/ synapses due to proteopathy
frontal = (new memories, motivation)
temporal = (new memories and language)
parietal lobe = (navigation)

29
Q

what dementia is Alzheimers related to?

A

75% Seile dementia

  • deteriation of organizational/focus tasks
  • memory loss (short term follows long term)
30
Q

What does the diencephalon do?

A

Brings information like eating (judgement of things)

31
Q

What makes up the diencephalon? (box)

A

Epithalmus
thalmus
hypothalmus
3rd ventricle

32
Q

function of the epithalmus?

A

(pineal gland)

- pineal gland secretes melatonin (sleep patterns)

33
Q

function of the Thalmus?

A

Relay/processing center for sensory infromation

34
Q

functions of the Hypothalmus?

A
  • controls thirst appetite, body temp
  • coordinates the ANS
  • coordinates endocrine
  • secretes hormones
    - oxytocin (uterum prostate)
    - antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (kidney)
  • integrates sensory and motor commands
    - related to emotion (conscious and unconscious thought)
  • pituitary gland lies beneath the hypothalamus
    - suspended by infundibulum
    - supported within the sella turcica beneath sphenoid
35
Q

Name the parts of the mesencephalon

A
  • corpora quadrigemina
    - superior colliculi
    - inferior colliculi
  • red nucleus
  • substantia nigra
  • cerebral peduncles
36
Q

what does the corpora quadrigemina?

A
  • integrates visual/ auditiory data
    superior colliculi - sight
    inferior colliculi - sound
37
Q

what does the Red nucleus do?

A

maintains muscle tone and posture

- swinging arms while walking

38
Q

What does the Substantia Nigra?

A

neurotransmitter dopamine

  • drop in dopamine causes increase muscle tone “dope”
  • pakinsons disease: tremors in muscles
39
Q

what do the Cerebral peduncles do?

A

support the cerebrum

40
Q

what are the parts of the metencepalon?

A
  • cerebellum
    • folia - folds of cerebellar cortex
    • arbor vitae - grey/ white matter
    • punkinje cells - highly branched cells in cortex
  • Pons
41
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum?

A
  • coordinates postural/skeletal muscles of body
  • programming of repetitive movements (subconscious)
  • 2 hemispheres and vermis splits between
41
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum?

A
  • coordinates postural/skeletal muscles of body
  • programming of repetitive movements (subconscious)
  • 2 hemispheres and vermis splits between
41
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Post. portion of metencephalon

  • coordinates postural/skeletal muscles of body
  • programming of repetitive movements (subconscious)
  • 2 hemispheres and vermis splits between
42
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum?

A
  • coordinates postural/skeletal muscles of body
  • programming of repetitive movements (subconscious)
  • 2 hemispheres and vermis splits between
43
Q

what is the function of the pons?

A

anterior portion portion of metencephalon
4 important CN’s (V, VI, VII, VIII)
- respiratory center (fine tuning)
- associated with “sleep paralysis”

44
Q

what are the 5 important CN associated with the medulla oblongata?

A 
CN VIII
CN IX 
CN X 
CN XI 
CN XII
45
Q

describe the medulla oblongata

A
  • transition from the brain to spinal cord
  • autonomic centers for visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive systems)
  • injury can lead to death (compression of the myelencephalon on the foramen magnum)
  • fourth ventricle shared by pons + medulla oblongata
46
Q

where are the Grey matter on the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

neuron bodies make up the cortex/cortical surface or non-cortical concentration of cells = nucleus

47
Q

where are the white matter on the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

White: myelinated axons (sub-cortical)

  • association fibers between gyri within hemisphere
  • commissural fibers between gyri of opp. hemispheres
  • projection fibers ascend/decend to CNS
48
Q

What are the functions of the Limbic System?

A
  1. includes many nuclei spread through brain
    • rather than anatomical grouping of nuclei
  2. Links conscious thought w/ autonomic functions of brain stem
    • behavior and emotional states: thirst, hunger, sex
  3. learning and the storage/recal of long-term memory
    • smell of grandma = emotion
49
Q

What is Synesthesia ?

A

(letters/ numbers may be interpreted as colors, and sounds as shapes)

typically a hereditary neurological condition

  • common among artists and poets
  • “error” in the re-assembly various inputs (cross wirring)
  • hyper-connectivity within the libic (PET/MRI brain-imaging technology)
50
Q

falx cerebri

A
  • runs between cerebral hemispheres

- anchored anteriorly to crista galli of ethmoid

51
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

runs between cerebellar hemispheres

52
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

runs between cerebrum and cerebellum

53
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A
  • encloses the pituitary gland
54
Q

Dural sinuses

A

delamination of dura mater

  • forms cavity for venous blood
  • outermost layer forms enodsteum
55
Q

What is the circulation of the CSF?

A
  1. produced by choroid plexus
    • capillary beds in each ventricle
    • refined filtrate in blood
  2. circulates: ventricles, central canal, subarachnoid
  3. recovered vi arachnoid villi (arachnoid grandulations)
  4. transports nutrients and removes waste products
  5. CSF cushions neural tissue - “floats” the brain
56
Q

What are the 2 types of Hydrocehalus?

A
  • internal hydrocephalus

- external hydrocehalus

57
Q

What is internal hydrocephalus ?

A
  • failure of the CSF to escape from the ventricles

- expansion of CSF

58
Q

What is external hydrocephalus?

A

failure of the CSF to be returned to the dural sinuses

- CSF into brain (crush brain)

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions