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PHRM 211 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

what is influenza

A

known as the flu, highly contagious infection of the airways caused by influenza viruses

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2
Q

Influenza type A characteristics

A

Potentially severe illness
humans and animals
epidemics and pandemics

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3
Q

influenza type B characteristics

A

usually less severe illness
humans only
epidemics alone

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4
Q

antigednic drift

A

gradual change in the rna of the virus, slight changes in the sequence, causes vaccine mismatch but not complete zero

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5
Q

antigenic shift

A

drastic shift, vaccinated individuals may not have immunity. how pandemics arise

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6
Q

when does influenza A start and peak

A

late oct start, peak jan or later

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7
Q

when does influenza B peak

A

march, because influenza A happens first, followed by a smaller B season

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8
Q

which age groups see more influenza

A

less than 5, over 65

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9
Q

direct effects: respiratory

A

asthma and COPD exacerbations
ear/sinus infections
bronchitis and pneumonia

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10
Q

indirect effects: multi-organ Systems

A

TRIGGER: MI, Ischemic heard disease, CV disease
EXACERBATION: hypertension, renal disorder, diabetes

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11
Q

How does influenza cause acute MI

A

All the inflammation that the virus causes results in stimulation of cytokine system, interleukins, tnf factors. Cause inflammation in the systemic system. Causes plaque formation, rupture, which causes MI or stroke because of that.

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12
Q

why are adults 65+ at greater risk

A

immunosenescence - natural and progressive weakening of the immune system over time

results in higher risk and severity of infection diseases
less responsiveness to vaccines

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13
Q

mode of transmission

A

droplets - coughing or sneezing, travel up to 2 meters’ in distance

Contact transmission - droplets contaminate surfaces or objects, can survive up to 48h on hard, non porous surfaces

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14
Q

incubation time influenza

A

the time period from exposure to development of symptoms is about 1 to 3 days, average 2

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15
Q

three most common influenza symptoms

A

cough, fever, myalgia

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16
Q

gold standard for diagnosis

A

viral culture, takes 3-10 days to get results

17
Q

common in practice diagnosis

A

Rapid influenza diagnostic test
not very accurate

18
Q

when should antivirals be initiated

A

within 48 hours or less of onset of symptoms for max effectiveness, not often seen in practice

19
Q

neuraminidase inhibitor MOA

A

are the drug of choice - prevent N protein of virus from detaching itself and being released into the host tissue

20
Q

Three N inhibitors

A

oseltamivir (tamiflu, oral)
recommended drug of choice

zanamivir,(relenza, inhaled product)

Peramivir IV, used for very sick hospitalized patients

21
Q

what have RCT showed in terms of NI

A

can reduce duration of illness by approx 30 hours
reduce the severity of illness by 35hours

22
Q

NI effect in hospitalized patients

A

improved survival, even if taken after 48hour time limit
did not improve duration of hospitalization

23
Q

whats the rec?

A

give antivirals as early as possible for pts with confirmed or suspected individuals that are hospitalized, has severe complicated progressived illness or higher risk of influenza complications

24
Q

dosing of oseltamivir

A

75mg one cap twice a day for 5 days

25
Q

zanamivir dosing

A

10mg (2inh) bid for 5 days

26
Q

periamivir dosing

A

600mg IV for 30 minutes, one day

27
Q

ADR in oseltamivir

A

primarily in children:
- abnormal behaviour
- delirium
- hallucinations
- agitation
- N/V

28
Q

Zanamivir counselling

A

signs of an allergic reaction - hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat

29
Q

drug interactions with antivirals

A

LAIV
- live vaccine, thus antivirals will stop viral replication because it is an antiviral. do it either 2 weeks before or 48 hours after

30
Q

when to use chemoprophylaxis

A

prevention of inf in persons with HR of influenza following vaccination after exposure to a person with inf

prevention for ppl at HR for comp from influenza or Health care workers that cannot receive inf vaccine

residents of LTCF when there is an outbreak in the facility

31
Q

what flu vaccine do you use for most of the pop

A

GSK

32
Q

products for seniors

A

FLUAD and FLuzone

33
Q

vaccine for kids

A

FLumist, nasal spray

34
Q

who is LAIV CI for

A

severe asthma
children 2-7 on aspirin
children less than 24 mo
pregnant woman
persons with immune compromising conditions

35
Q
A

PHRM 211 (25 decks)

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