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Nutrition > Lecture 15 - Avian Nutrition 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Avian Nutrition 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Up to 75% of all medical problems in pet birds have a nutritional background

A

True

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2
Q

What do frugivores, granivores, nectarivores, and palynivores eat, respectively?

(Vegetarian birds)

A

Frugivore = fruit
Granivore = grain
Nectarivore = nectar
Palynivores = pollen

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3
Q

What do avivorous, carnivorous, insectivorous, molluscivorous, and piscivorous birds eat, respectively?

A

Avivorous = birds
Carnivorous = meat
Insectivorous = insects
Molluscivorous = mollusks
Piscivorous = fish

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4
Q

Are chickens carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores?

A

Omnivores

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5
Q

What are some important things to remember regarding water and avian species?

A
  • Requirements vary based on species, but are highest in neonates
  • Must be fresh and clean with no supplements (may change taste)
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6
Q

True or False: Energy requirements for avian species are lower than those in mammals.

A

False; energy requirements are HIGHER

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7
Q

Why does molting have high energy costs for avian species?

A

Extra energy is needed for production and maintenance of the feather pulps

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8
Q

What is the crop, and where is it located? Do all birds have this?

A

An enlargement of the esophagus cranial to the thoracic inlet; not present in all birds - gulls and penguins do not have one

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9
Q

Why is it important to palpate the crop during a physical exam, especially if the bird is dehydrated?

A

The crop can become impacted with dry food (risk is higher if bird is dehydrated)

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10
Q

What is the function of the crop?

A

Stores food when gizzard is full (softens food, but no chemical digestion)

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11
Q

What are the two main parts of the avian stomach? Which one is the glandular stomach and which is the muscular stomach?

A
  • Proventriculus (glandular, acid/pepsin secretion)
  • Gizzard (muscular, physically grinds food)
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12
Q

What components of the diet are digested in the small intestine, with the help of bile and pancreatic secretions?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

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13
Q

What is the function of the large intestine in avian species, and where does it end?

(Hint: The large intestine has two distinct parts)

A

The paired caeca are sites of fermentation and lymphatic tissue, and the straight intestine is the other portion that travels to the end of the large intestine (at the cloaca and urogenital tract)

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14
Q

Where is BCS best determined in birds?

A

In the pectoral region by assessing musculature and fat coverage

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15
Q

True or False: Malnutrition can be identified in birds by looking at the state and color of their plumage, as well as the condition of their skin and feet

A

True

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16
Q

When is weight loss considered concerning in birds?

(Think percentages)

A

Acute decrease of 5% BW, or chronic decrease of 10% BW

17
Q

True or False: The overall skin, feet, and feathers may all be indicators of malnutrition in birds

A

True

18
Q

True or False: Nutrition for small flocks and backyard poultry tends to be less variable than nutrition for egg laying hens or meat birds in large-scale production

A

False; nutrition for small flocks/backyard poultry tends to be MORE variable

19
Q

Feed that consists of all ingredients ground into particles and mixed loosely together

A

Mash feed

20
Q

A mash feed that is held together with a binder and then heat-treated, extruded, and cut. Into various lengths and diameters

A

Pelletized feed

21
Q

Feed that consists of pelletized feed broken down into smaller pieces

A

Crumbled feed

22
Q

What are the benefits of foraging for avian species (including chickens)?

A

It can be used as enrichment and can improve overall performance

23
Q

What are some benefits of feeding a “pelleted” feed?

A
  • Allows bird to consume and metabolize a greater amount of feed
  • This type of feed is a complete unit of feed
  • Birds are unable to pick out different ingredients
  • Makes formulation of high-energy, high-protein diets possible
24
Q

True or False: Diets for starting broilers tend to be “crumbles” while diets for egg-laying birds tend to be “mashes”

A

True

25
Q

True or False: Scratch feed can be considered a complete feed for most types of birds

A

False; scratch feed should NOT be considered a complete feed for any type of bird, and it should only be thrown out as an occasional treat

26
Q

The largest component of a poultry diet; usually provided by grains and includes fiber such as cellulose (indigestible for the bird, but can support GI health)

A

Carbohydrate

27
Q

Are protein requirements during egg laying high or low?

A

High (especially in chickens that lay many eggs)

28
Q

What is the benefit of making hard, insoluble granite grit available to chickens?

A

Helps food digestion/breakdown in the ventriculus

29
Q

An anti protozoal agent that is generally added to diets of pullets and meat birds raised on the ground

A

Coccidiostat

Nutrition (17 decks)

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