Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Lecture 14 - Pet Food Trends & Science Behind The Marketing > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Pet Food Trends & Science Behind The Marketing Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the most common pet food ingredients known to induce an adverse (allergic) reaction?

A

Beef, chicken, corn, wheat, cow’s milk, soy, eggs, and fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: Despite some pet food ingredients being known as common “allergens”, there is not actually any elevated antigenicity in these food ingredients and any antigen may cause an equivalent adverse response

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False: IgE/IgM/IgA tests in blood or saliva and intradermal tests are the most accurate methods to identify specific food sensitivities in pets

A

False; these tests are often inaccurate, and it is more effective to do an elimination diet to narrow down the possibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False: There is no substantial nutritional difference between GMO and non-GMO food

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: Dogs and cats are unable to digest or absorb carbohydrates

A

False; cats and dogs CAN digest and absorb carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cats are constantly undergoing _______________. Additionally, the have lower _____________ activity and are slowly at clearing glucose from their body.

A

Gluconeogenesis; glucokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some benefits of fiber in obligate carnivores?

A

Prebiotic, promotes satiety, protection, and regulation of GI transit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is included under the umbrella of “meat by-products”?

A

Certain carcasses/parts rejected for human use, such as meat that does not meat aesthetic standards or internal organs (like liver, heart, kidney, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What beneficial vitamins and minerals can livers, kidneys, and hearts provide in the diet?

A

Liver = B vitamins, vitamin A, copper, zinc, choline
Kidney = B vitamins, vitamin A, selenium, potassium
Heart = B vitamins, copper, iron, magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which dogs and cats may be negatively affected by by-products in food, and why?

A

Dogs and cats in liver failure - purine content is high in foods containing by-products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the theory behind the raw food diet, in terms of what makes it beneficial to the animal?

A

Raw/gently cooked food is higher in antioxidants due to increased processing and increased surface exposure of the meats to air - it is believed these antioxidant chemicals and beneficial living enzymes are destroyed with high heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the known health risks of feeding dogs raw?

A

High risk of salmonella and coliforms from contaminated raw meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False: There is high zoonotic risk linked to feeding raw, because dogs can shed salmonella bacteria in their feces for up to 2 weeks after being infected

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: Feeding frozen raw diets rather than fresh raw diets will eliminate the risk of bacteria or parasitic infection from the food

A

False; studies have proven that frozen raw meat based diets very often contain zoonotic parasites or bacteria that can cause illness/infection (E. Coli most commonly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some of the AVMA’s recommendations in regards to feeding dogs and cats a raw diet?

(Multiple answers)

A
  • Avoid feeding inadequately treated animal-source protein
  • Restrict access to carrion/carcasses
  • Feed fresh, clean, and nutritionally balanced home-cooked or commercial foods
  • Dispose of uneaten food at least once daily
  • Practice good hygiene before and after feedings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxoplasma and Brucella are both serious health concerns associated with feeding…

A

Raw food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: It is very possible for a dog to live healthily on a vegetarian or vegan diet, as long as the diets are balanced and still meet the dietary needs of the dog

A

True

(Digestibility and bioavailability are important to consider too!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are vegetarian and vegan diets highly discouraged for cats, more so than dogs?

A
  • Cats are obligate carnivores and many of their essential nutrients come from meat
  • Lack of meat in the diet can lead to serious deficiencies, namely taurine, B1, and methionine
19
Q

True or False: A diet with high added phosphorus can eventually cause micoaluminuria, glycosuria, and kidney failure in cats

A

True

(according to several studies)

20
Q

What are the downsides of preparing and feeding home-cooked diets in place of feeding commercial diets?

A
  • Usually more time consuming and expensive
  • Need to be complete/balanced (can be hard to achieve)
21
Q

There are approximately ____ essential nutrients for dogs and cats

A

40

22
Q

What factors does the NRC take into account when determining if a diet is balanced or not?

A
  • Minimum requirement (MR)
  • Recommended allowance (RA)
  • Safe Upper Limit (SUL)
23
Q

What are some proposed issues with home-cooked diet recipes created by non-veterinary professionals?

A
  • Unbalanced
  • High likelihood for deficiencies (1 or more, some severe)
  • Vague/require assumptions (high possibility for unsafe substitutions by pet owners)
24
Q

What are the three most common vitamin/mineral deficiencies found in home-cooked diets?

A

Zinc, vitamin D, and choline

25
Q

Used as a natural remedy for fleas and parasites, but no published information on efficacy; has the potential to induce Heinze-body anemia

A

Garlic

26
Q

Used as a natural remedy for stomach pain and nausea, but no published data on efficacy for pain and few on efficacy as an anti-emetic; strong flavor

A

Ginger

27
Q

Natural remedy that is supposedly a source of MCTs and other beneficial fatty acids; no proven benefits in pets; carries potential risks for high fat diets

A

Coconut oil

28
Q

Contains curcuminoids, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties; studies of benefits in companion animals are currently inconclusive

A

Turmeric

29
Q

A type of oil with a growing use as a natural remedy for a variety of conditions - including joint disease, pain, epilepsy, and cancer

A

CBD oil

30
Q

Used as a natural remedy to clean teeth and treat a variety of skin and digestive issues, as well as UTIs and yeast otitis; risk for skin burns and teeth erosion

A

Apple cider vinegar

31
Q

Where do omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) come from in the diet?

A

Marine sources (oily fish, algae, krill)

32
Q

What are the benefits of having grain in dog and cat diets?

A
  • High digestibility
  • Allergies uncommon
  • Provides vitamins, minerals, amino acids, EFAs, and fiber
33
Q

Canine dilated cardiomyopathy is thought to be related to a taurine deficiency connected to feeding…

A

Grain free diets

34
Q

What is taurine?

A

A free amino acid found in several tissues in high concentrations (like the heart and retina)

35
Q

True or False: Dogs and cats tend to utilize glycine rather than taurine, whereas other mammals may use either

A

False; dogs and cat tend to utilize TAURINE rather than GLYCINE

(Extra note: Taurine is conjugated to bile acids, similar to glycine)

36
Q

True or False: Dogs can make taurine from methionine or cysteine

A

True

37
Q

DCM is most frequently reported to the FDA in which breed of dog?

A

Golden Retrievers

38
Q

Which dog food brand is named most frequently in DCM cases reported to the FDA?

A

Acana (closely followed by Zignature and Taste of the Wild)

39
Q

Which ingredients/diet characteristics were found the most commonly in diets reported in DCM cases

A

“Peas and/or lentils” and “grain-free”

40
Q

True or False: Plant and animal proteins provide the same benefits to dogs, so either type is sufficient on its own to meet their dietary protein needs

A

False; for example, legumes are high in protein, but low in methionine and cysteine (which dogs use to synthesize taurine) - if legumes are the sole/primary protein source provided, the dog will likely develop a taurine deficiency

41
Q

Phytates, glycoproteins, phytosterols, and phenols are all anti-nutritive compounds in legumes that _________ digestibility

A

Reduce

42
Q

True or False: Every dog on a grain-free diet should be given taurine supplements, even if they are not exhibiting signs of deficiency

A

False; taurine only needs to be supplemented in the case of a deficiency

43
Q

What type of system does AAFCO use to evaluate whether a diet is well-balanced?

A

Minimum and maximum

Nutrition (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions