Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Lecture 13 - Swine Feeding & Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Swine Feeding & Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Pigs are monogastric species with a well-developed cecum

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: Fermentation of soluble fiber occurs in the colon in pigs

A

False; soluble fiber is fermented in the small intestine (ileum) or the cecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False; Fermentation of insoluble fiber largely occurs in the colon

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the limiting amino acid in most swine diets?

A

Lysine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is considered to be the most important cost in a farm? What represents a major portion of this cost?

A

FEED is considered a farm’s most important cost, and ENERGY represents a major portion of the formula’s cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A pig that has not had babies or been bred

A

Gilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factor influences back fat at weaning?

A

Feeding in pregnancy and lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the correlation between back fat and longevity in sows?

A

Lower back fat thickness directly correlates with low reproductive performance

(Low reproductive performance = high culling rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is “target gestation”?

A

The process of developing progeny to avoid excessive BCS at farrowing that may make farrowing difficult on the sow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is “target lactation”?

A

The process of maximizing intake to produce enough milk for the piglets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Suckling sows should be fed to appetite from day 4 to 5 until weaning, and they should be at peak intake by day 10

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some ways to encourage suckling sows to eat? (Multiple answers)

A
  • Avoid over-feeding during gestation
  • Keep house cool (once youngest piglets are >2 days old)
  • Water freely available and always have fresh feed
  • Feed at least 2x per day (ideally 3x)
  • Provide 16 hours of light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is it important that all piglets get colostrum?

A

To provide energy/nutrients to avoid starvation, liquid to prevent dehydration, and antibodies to protect from infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are maternal antibodies highest in the sow’s milk?

A

At birth in colostrum (100%); percentage of maternal antibodies quickly tapers off after the first 24 hours (down to 20%) as composition of milk rapidly changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Percentage of maternal antibodies in sow milk decrease by 25% after the first 4 hours

A

False; 50% decrease after the first 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MMA (mastitis/metritis/agalactia) may cause failure or low production of…

A

Colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: Piglet mortality is highly correlated with low/no colostrum intake

A

True

18
Q

What are the 3 primary factors that affect colostrum intake?

A
  • Birth weight (heavier piglets = more competitive)
  • Birth order (earlier born piglets get more/less competing)
  • Litter size (reduced individual intake with more mouths)
19
Q

Gut closure can occur in piglets as early as 24 hours after birth - what does this mean for the piglet?

A

It is no longer capable of absorbing antibodies from the gut (through the colostrum)

Extra note: Colostrum intake in the first 6 hours = CRITICAL

20
Q

What is the role of iron in the blood?

A

Absorption and transfer of oxygen

21
Q

Why is iron supplementation important for piglets?

A

Piglets are born with limited iron supplies in their body, and milk does not contain iron

22
Q

Pale white mm color, breathlessness, jaundice, scour (whiteness) around 3 weeks old, low growth rate/weaning weight are all clinical signs of which condition in piglets?

A

Anemia/Iron deficiency

23
Q

How and where are iron injections given in the piglet?

(Name the injection route and anatomical location)

A

Intramuscularly into neck muscle

24
Q

The method of supplementing diets of young livestock by offering feed while they are still nursing

A

Creep feeding

25
Q

Why is creep feeding used in commercial livestock?

A

Creep feeding initiates digestive development (making weaning process smoother) and improves weaning intakes (which improves weaning weights)

(Extra info: Commercial livestock are weaned at 3 to 4 weeks instead of >10 weeks, and sow milk yield peaks at 3 weeks before declining)

26
Q

What is a good protocol for creep feeding?
(When to start, amounts given, when to feed, etc.)

A
  • Start around 16 days old
  • Fresh, small amounts, 2x per day, small tray feeder
  • Give while sow is feeding
  • Keep feeder away from heated area, and head/rear of sow
  • Remove any uneaten food
27
Q

True or False: Uneaten creep feed can be given to any other pigs, and it is considered beneficial to sows (especially those on medication)

A

False; uneaten creep feed can ONLY be given to older pigs, and NEVER to sows (especially not those who are medicated)

28
Q

What are the legal requirements (EU) for water in regards to suckling sows and piglets over 2 weeks old?

A

They must have PERMANENT access to sufficient quantities of FRESH water

29
Q

How much water do sows require per day?

(Answer in liters)

A

20 liters (or more) per day

30
Q

How should water be provided to suckling piglets?

A

Fresh/clean water should be given via a correctly positioned nipple or bowl-type drinker

(Extra note: Water pipe system should be drained about 10 days after farrowing, or linked to the sow line)

31
Q

Poor performance, diarrhea, and infections associated with diet often occur as a result of low _______ ________

A

Feed intake

32
Q

What are some factors that can cause post-weaning diarrhea?

A
  • Losing maternal antibodies
  • Moving to new environment
  • Stress (many possible causes)
  • Possible infection
  • Food (change in flora or composition, too much/too little)
33
Q

What is ZnO used for, and how much is generally used?

A

Used to prevent diarrhea at 10x the nutritional levels

34
Q

True or False: To support piglet gut health in food transitions, feed should be low protein and consist of extruded soy, milk products, and fish meal (or other high quality protein)

A

True

35
Q

True or False: The first week of feed for piglets should have a porridge-like presentation and be accompanied by electrolyte solutions

A

True

36
Q

Temperature below which a resting pig must increase its metabolic rate from the basal level to meet environmental demands for heat (typically by using extra feed)

A

Lower Critical Temperature (LCT)

37
Q

The range where temperature does not affect pig performance

A

Thermoneutral Zone

38
Q

Describes the air temperature in the pen and the combined effects of air speed, floor type, air to wall temperature difference, and group size

A

Effective Environmental Temperature (EET)

39
Q

________ temperatures can cause feed conversion to deteriorate, so the pig must eat more feed. Lighter pigs are more sensitive and vulnerable.

A

Cold

(Extra note: Growth rate unaffected when temperatures are only moderately low)

40
Q

What can excessive air speed cause in pigs?

(Multiple answers)

A
  • Reduced effective temperature
  • Incorrect lying behavior
  • Vices (such as tail biting)
41
Q

How does pig lying behavior change based on temperature?

(Briefly describe for comfortable, cold, and very cold)

A

Comfortable = lying apart, on side, barely touching
Cold = lying on sternum
Very cold = huddling, lying on top of one another

42
Q

What kind of lying behavior will you see in pigs during periods of draught (def: a constant current of unpleasantly cold wind)?

A

Aggressive behavior and tail-biting

Nutrition (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions