Lecture 14 Flashcards
What is discrimination?
Behaving differently toward people based solely or primarily on membership in a group.
What are the 3 types of discrimination?
Blatant: Intentional and easily documented
Subtle: Unintentional and less easily documented
Covert: Intentional, less easily documented
What are hate crimes?
Criminal offences where the victim(s) were chosen due to group membership. Most severe form of discrimination. May target the person or their property.
How do you recognize a hate crime versus an interpersonal one?
1) Perpetrator mentions group membership
2) Appears to be no gains for the perpetrator
3) No previous relationship between perpetrator and victim
What are the 3 ways that the self protective hypothesis explains why self-esteem is not lower among stigmatized individuals?
1) Engage in self protective external attributions (attribute negative outcomes to prejudice and positive to the self)
2) Make social comparisons with the ingroup/avoid comparisons with advantaged outgroup members
3) Selective valuing and devaluing of performance dimensions. Choose things to value based on group membership and belief in values.
What was the study done by Crocker et al on how stigmatized individuals interpret feedback from non-stigmatized individuals?
Black participants completed measures of self-esteem and filled out personal information. White partner gives feedback. Participants are either blind up (can’t see each other) or blind down (can see). DVS: Self-esteem post feedback (either positive or negative), attributions about feedback from partner.
What were the results of the study done by Crocker et al?
Unseen condition: Negative feedback is more likely to be attributed to prejudice
Seen: Same difference, but larger. Positive feedback is also attributed more so to prejudice
Self esteem: Negative+unseen showed a dip in self esteem. Negative+seen showed no change. Positive+unseen showed increase in self esteem, positive+seen showed a dip. Positive feedback only increases self-esteem if it is viewed as deserved.
What is the Rejection Identification Model by Branscombe et al?
There is a direct negative relationship between attributing negative behaviours to prejudice, lowers well-being. Pervasive prejudice is threatening due to group rejection, but can be buffered if there is high minority group identification.
What is the Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy?
People tend to perceive more discrimination directed at on’es group than toward oneself. Can’t be this way for everyone. This is another way to protect self-esteem.
Why does PGDD exisst?
1) Personally motivated: Personal discrimination ratings are underestimates to avoid painful emotional consequences
2) Socially motivated: Group discrimination ratings are overestimates in order to draw attention and emphasize change needed
3) Diffferent comparison standards, intragroup for self (how much I experience in comparison to members of the group), intergroup for group.
What is the stereotype threat?
Threat of being judged and treated stereotypically or self-fulfilling such a stereotype. Threat interferes with performance in such a way that you confirm the stereotype you were afraid of.
What was the study done by Steele and Aronson on stereotype threat?
Black and white students completed items from the GRE. IV was test framing (either it’s testing your intelligence, or it’s testing problem solving). DV: Verbal items from GRE.
What were the results of the study done by Steele and Aronson?
No difference in performance when the test wasn’t about intelligence, but there was a difference when it was.
