Lecture 14 3/8/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of neoplasia?

A

-new growth
-DNA mutations allow for uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation
-formerly normal cells undergo irreversible genetic changes
-cells become unresponsive to normal growth controls

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of benign neoplasms?

A

-“easily” cured
-do not invade surrounding tissues
-do not spread to new anatomic locations

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3
Q

What is the term for benign neoplasms of tissue that is ectodermal or endodermal in origin?

A

adenoma

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4
Q

What is the term for benign neoplasms of tissue that is mesodermal in origin?

A

fibroma or lipoma

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of malignant neoplasms?

A

-not “easily” cured
-potential to spread/metastasize

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6
Q

Where can metastasis occur?

A

-within the same tissue
-lymph nodes
-distant sites

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7
Q

What is the term for malignant neoplasms of tissue that is ectodermal or endodermal in origin?

A

carcinoma

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8
Q

What is the term for malignant neoplasms of tissue that is mesodermal in origin?

A

sarcoma

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9
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes with no benign counterpart

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10
Q

What is melanoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

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11
Q

What is the benign counterpart to melanoma?

A

melanocytoma

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12
Q

What is mesothelioma?

A

malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells with no benign counterpart

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13
Q

How is metastasis named?

A

keeps the name of the original tumor, but with an identifier for the tissue it is now in

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14
Q

Which tumor is typically the primary tumor?

A

the largest tumor

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15
Q

How can a tumor potentially be identified grossly?

A

-location
-shape
-production of bone/cartilage
-color
-consistency

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16
Q

Which shape is characteristic of carcinomas?

A

depressed center, due to central necrosis

17
Q

Which shape is common in sarcomas?

A

flat

18
Q

Which tumor types arise from bone and cartilage?

A

-osteosarcoma
-chondrosarcoma

19
Q

Which neoplasm type has a black-brown color?

A

melanocytic tumors

20
Q

Which neoplasm type has a red-black color?

A

vascular neoplasms

21
Q

What are the potential consistencies for neoplasms?

A

-soft
-firm
-hard

22
Q

Why is it possible for most tissues to produce both carcinoma or sarcoma?

A

most tissues have both epithelial and mesenchymal components

23
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

neoplasm containing cells from at least two of the three cell lines

24
Q

What does it mean for a cutaneous mast cell to be high or low grade?

A

-low grade equates with benign behavior
-high grade equates with malignant behavior

25
Q

How are neoplasms characterized by location?

A

-cutaneous
-subcutaneous
-specific organ

26
Q

What are the features of benign neoplasms?

A

-localized/encapsulated
-“easily” removed
-similar to normal tissue/well-differentiated
-slower growth rate

27
Q

What are the features of malignant neoplasms?

A

-invasive/infiltrative
-not “easily” removed
-disorganized compared to normal tissue
-fast growth rate

28
Q

Which type of neoplasm is able to undergo metastasis?

A

malignant

29
Q

What are the steps of metastasis?

A

-invasion through extracellular matrix
-mobility
-enter blood/lymphatic vessels
-avoid damage while traveling
-exit blood/lymphatic vessels
-angiogenesis and establishment of metastatic subcolony

30
Q

What are the possible pathways of spread?

A

-lymphatic vessels
-blood vessels
-direct seeding within a body cavity

31
Q

Which tissues does carcinomatosis occur in?

A

-ovarian
-pancreatic
-biliary
-intestinal

32
Q

What are the transmissible tumors?

A

-canine transmissible venereal tumor
-devil facial tumor disease
-bivalve transmissible neoplasia