Lecture 14 3/8/24 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of neoplasia?
-new growth
-DNA mutations allow for uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation
-formerly normal cells undergo irreversible genetic changes
-cells become unresponsive to normal growth controls
What are the characteristics of benign neoplasms?
-“easily” cured
-do not invade surrounding tissues
-do not spread to new anatomic locations
What is the term for benign neoplasms of tissue that is ectodermal or endodermal in origin?
adenoma
What is the term for benign neoplasms of tissue that is mesodermal in origin?
fibroma or lipoma
What are the characteristics of malignant neoplasms?
-not “easily” cured
-potential to spread/metastasize
Where can metastasis occur?
-within the same tissue
-lymph nodes
-distant sites
What is the term for malignant neoplasms of tissue that is ectodermal or endodermal in origin?
carcinoma
What is the term for malignant neoplasms of tissue that is mesodermal in origin?
sarcoma
What is lymphoma?
malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes with no benign counterpart
What is melanoma?
malignant neoplasm of melanocytes
What is the benign counterpart to melanoma?
melanocytoma
What is mesothelioma?
malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells with no benign counterpart
How is metastasis named?
keeps the name of the original tumor, but with an identifier for the tissue it is now in
Which tumor is typically the primary tumor?
the largest tumor
How can a tumor potentially be identified grossly?
-location
-shape
-production of bone/cartilage
-color
-consistency
Which shape is characteristic of carcinomas?
depressed center, due to central necrosis
Which shape is common in sarcomas?
flat
Which tumor types arise from bone and cartilage?
-osteosarcoma
-chondrosarcoma
Which neoplasm type has a black-brown color?
melanocytic tumors
Which neoplasm type has a red-black color?
vascular neoplasms
What are the potential consistencies for neoplasms?
-soft
-firm
-hard
Why is it possible for most tissues to produce both carcinoma or sarcoma?
most tissues have both epithelial and mesenchymal components
What is a teratoma?
neoplasm containing cells from at least two of the three cell lines
What does it mean for a cutaneous mast cell to be high or low grade?
-low grade equates with benign behavior
-high grade equates with malignant behavior
How are neoplasms characterized by location?
-cutaneous
-subcutaneous
-specific organ
What are the features of benign neoplasms?
-localized/encapsulated
-“easily” removed
-similar to normal tissue/well-differentiated
-slower growth rate
What are the features of malignant neoplasms?
-invasive/infiltrative
-not “easily” removed
-disorganized compared to normal tissue
-fast growth rate
Which type of neoplasm is able to undergo metastasis?
malignant
What are the steps of metastasis?
-invasion through extracellular matrix
-mobility
-enter blood/lymphatic vessels
-avoid damage while traveling
-exit blood/lymphatic vessels
-angiogenesis and establishment of metastatic subcolony
What are the possible pathways of spread?
-lymphatic vessels
-blood vessels
-direct seeding within a body cavity
Which tissues does carcinomatosis occur in?
-ovarian
-pancreatic
-biliary
-intestinal
What are the transmissible tumors?
-canine transmissible venereal tumor
-devil facial tumor disease
-bivalve transmissible neoplasia
