Lecture 1 1/23/24

Question 1

What is a necropsy?

Answer 1

postmortem exam of an entire animal

Question 2

What is an autopsy?

Answer 2

postmortem exam of an entire human or animal

Question 3

What is a biopsy?

Answer 3

examination of surgically excised tissue to determine prognosis

Question 4

Which procedure is performed entirely antemortem?

Answer 4

biopsies

Question 5

What is gross pathology?

Answer 5

lesions visible to the naked eye

Question 6

What is histopathology?

Answer 6

lesions only visible microscopically

Question 7

Which samples are evaluated in clinical pathology?

Answer 7

-fluids
-fine needle aspirates
-other cell collections

Question 8

What categories must be included when describing a lesion?

Answer 8

-location
-size (metric)
-distribution
-shape
-color
-consistency
-surface
-margins

Question 9

How should the location of a lesion be described?

Answer 9

-organ or tissue should always be included
-may need to use more specific terms within organ/tissue
-surface of the organ/tissue should be included

Question 10

How should the size of a lesion be described?

Answer 10

-measurements for each dimension of the lesion
-no references to other objects

Question 11

How should the distribution of a lesion be described?

Answer 11

-10 or fewer lesions should be counted
-more than 10 lesions can be described as multifocal
-overlapping lesions can be described as multifocal to coalescing
-diffuse for affecting entire area
-segmental for affecting linear structures
-bilateral or unilateral
-indication of symmetry or lack thereof

Question 12

How should the shape of a lesion be described?

Answer 12

-must have a general shape (oval, round, irregular, etc)
-can include modifiers

Question 13

What does it mean for a lesion to be exophytic?

Answer 13

protruding from a surface

Question 14

What is a pedunculated lesion?

Answer 14

lesion on a stalk that is narrower than the mass

Question 15

What is a sessile lesion?

Answer 15

lesion with a raised, flat top (plaque-like)

Question 16

How should the color of a lesion be described?

Answer 16

-no use of “-ish”
-when in doubt, describe using multiple colors
-dark and pale are modifiers only

Question 17

How should the consistency of a lesion be described?

Answer 17

-hard for bony/mineralized objects
-firm for cartilagenous/fibrous consistency
-soft of adipose/marshmallow consistency
-viscous for thick fluid
-pasty for thick but spreadable fluid

Question 18

What does it mean for a lesion to be pathognomonic?

Answer 18

the lesion is characteristic of a specific disease or cause