Lecture 14 Flashcards
Epidemiology
The study of the frequency and distribution of disease
Father of epidemiology
John snow famous for determining the cause of the 1854 cholera outbreak in London
Surveillance
Collecting, analyzing, and reporting data on rates of occurrence, mortality, morbidity and transmission of infections
Who does surveillance
In US CDC
Worldwide WHO
Prevalence
Accumulated total of existing cases with respect to the entire population
Prevalence formula
Total number of cases in population/ total number of persons in population
x100
Incidence
Number of new cases over a certain time period as compared with the general healthy population
Incidence formula
Number of new cases/ total number of susceptible persons
x100
Mortality rate
Total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease
Mortality from infectious diseases have dropped over past century
Morbidity rate
Measures total number of persons afflicted with an infectious disease
Rate has remained high over past century
Endemic
An infectious disease that exhibits a relatively steady frequency over a long time period in a particular geographic locale
Endemic disease examples
Valley river in Southwestern US
Lyme disease in certain areas of the US like northeast
Sporadic
Infrequent or irregular cases of an infectious disease outbreak that occur randomly over a wide area
Sporadic disease examples
Measles and typhoid fever
Epidemic
An increased number of cases beyond expected levels that appear in geographic clusters
Epidemic examples
Syphilis and STDs
Foodborne
Influenza
Pandemic
The spread of an epidemic across continents
Pandemic examples
HIV/AIDS
COVID-19