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422 Virology > lecture 13/ -avian virology > Flashcards

lecture 13/ -avian virology Flashcards

1
Q

fwhat is MD

A

Marek’s disease

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2
Q

what virus causes MD?

A

mardiviruses, which are herpesviruses

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3
Q

what organs are infected by MDV?

A

skin, lungs, immune, adrenal glands, liver, GI, etc

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4
Q

where are infectious viral particles of MD made?

A

feather follicle epithelium

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5
Q

how is MDV transmitted?

A

inhalation of feather dander in environment

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6
Q

since it is a herpes virus, MDV establishes….

A

latency

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7
Q

where does MDV establish latency? how is this dif from other herpesviruses?

what do these cells become?

A

latency mainly in CD4+ T cells (versus trigeminal ganglia)

T cells become tumor cells

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8
Q

what pathology is noted when a bird is infected with MDV?

A

visceral and neural lymphomas

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9
Q

what are some cliical manifestations of MD?

A

chronic polyneuritis
visceral lymphoma
immunosuppression
transient paralysis
acute brain oedema
acute rash

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10
Q

how has vaccination influence the virulence of MDV, historically?

A

increasing virulence

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11
Q

as virulence increases, how are the spleen, bursa of fabricius, and thymus impacted?

A
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12
Q

you are presented with a broiler chicken that has neck paralysis, dyspnea, skin tumors, and irregular pupils. what virus are you concerned about

A

MDV

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13
Q

how can the sciatic nerve gross appearance be used to help diagnose MDV?

A

loss of striation, discoloration, swollen

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14
Q

what is unique about the latency of MDV versus other herpesviruses?

A

establishes latency in cd4 t cells versus trigeminal ganglion

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15
Q

what kind of virus causes avian leukosis tumors

A

retrovirus

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16
Q

where will you NOT find tumors with avian leukosis ?

A

skin, muscle, nerves, proventriculus

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17
Q

what differentiates the bursa of fabricius in marek’s disease vs avian leukosis

A

mareks- enlarged, sometimes tumorous

leukosis- nodular

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18
Q

what is the neoplastic immune cell involved with mareks disease? what about avian leukosis?

A

mareks-t cells
leukosis- b cells

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19
Q

how does transmission differ between mareks disease and avian leukosis?

A

avian leukosis has vertical transmisison!! in addition to horizontal

mareks is only horizontal

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20
Q

do MDV vaccines prevent infection?

A

no, but they prevent tumor formation

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21
Q

at what day are eggs moved from setter to hatcher compartment? what is it called when we vaccinate at this time?

A

day 18

in ovo vaccination

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22
Q

something else about vaccine strat in ovo…. broilers are the only animal known- special

A
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23
Q

why is it beneficial to vaccinate broilers in ovo?

A

less probability of being infected with MDV (shorter window of susceptibility)
less labour - you are transporting at day 18 anyways

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24
Q

why does layer industry not use in ovo tech

A

we use only females with layers and the machine cannot differentiate sex –> vaccines would be wasted on males (lol)

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25
Q

what is it called when you vaccinate after birds hatch

A
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26
Q

what is ILT

A

infectious laryngotracheitis

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27
Q

what family is ILTV a part of

A

herpesviridae

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28
Q

ILTV is endemic in ____

A

backyard flocks

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29
Q

how is ILTV transmitted

A

eye drop, direct contact, shared airspace

30
Q

what are the gross lesions of ILTV

A

blood, mucus, and yellow caseous exudate or a hollow caseous cast in the trachea

31
Q

a chicken presents with blood tinged mucus, conjunctivitis, and is dyspnic. what virus do you suspect?

A

ILTV

32
Q

what is seen on histology of the trachea and conjunctiva with ILTV

A

syncytia cells

33
Q

where is ILTV cultivated within an egg? what other virus can be cultivated here?

A

chorioallantoic membrane

avian pox virus too

34
Q

how neat are the modified live ILVT vaccines? is there another option?

A

not very!! its like orf - lots of disadvantages

could give recomb fowlpox/HVT vaccine with ILTV genes

no inactivated vaccine

35
Q

true or false- ILTV replicates superficially in the epithelium

A

false – goes quite deep

36
Q

what is the best way to avoid ILTV infection

A

good biosecurity

37
Q

what is IB? what kind of virus?

A

infectious bronchitis

coronavirus

38
Q

depending on the strain, IBV causes disease of…

A

respiratory, renal, myopathy, reproductive, and gastro

39
Q

major clinical signs of IBV

A

dyspnea, discolored eggs, irregular shaped eggs, water albumin

40
Q

what virus is associated with shell-less egg syndrome

A

IBV

41
Q

what cells does IBV target

A

epithelial cells

42
Q

what virus (and strain) is associated with false layer syndrome?

A

IBV, specifically the Delmarva strain

43
Q

how does IBV lead to false layer syndrome

A

Delmarva strain leads to cystic oviduct leads to false layer syndrome

44
Q

what is the pathology of nephropathogenic IBV strains?

A

urate deposition in kidney / tubules –> leads to mortality

45
Q

what tissue samples would be helpful to test for IBV?

A

nasal, tracheal, kidney, intestinal, caecal tonsils*

46
Q

Which of the following statement about in ovo vaccination
against Marek’s disease (MD) is TRUE?

a Vaccination usually takes place seven days before hatch

b Vaccine is inoculated into the yolk sac

c In ovo vaccination is not as effective as post-hatch vaccination

d Vaccine is inoculated into the amniotic cavity

e Vaccine is inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane

A

d Vaccine is inoculated into the amniotic cavity

47
Q

Marek’s disease (MD) is different from avian leukosis since:

a The MD is caused by a retrovirus but avian leukosis is caused by a herpesvirus

b MD is characterized by visceral tumors and avian leukosis is
characterized by lymphoid depletion

c MD but not the avian leukosis is characterized by neurological
signs

d Causative viruses of both MD and avian leukosis are transmitted
vertically

e Both MD and avian leukosis are commonly seen in 1-7 days old
chickens

A

c MD but not the avian leukosis is characterized by neurological
signs

48
Q

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection:

a Leads to anemia and diarrhea in addition to respiratory signs

b Is endemic in commercial flocks in Canada and rest of north
America

c Is an acute infection and the causative virus is cleared in 7-10
days post-infection

d The causative virus belongs to the Family, Retroviridae

e Is characterized by dyspnea and blood-tinged respiratory mucus

A

e Is characterized by dyspnea and blood-tinged respiratory mucus

49
Q

What is NOT true about Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)
infection:

a Causes egg production drops and poor egg quality

b Is endemic in commercial flocks in Canada

c Vaccines are not available for the control

d The causative virus belongs to the Family, Coronaviridae

e The clinical signs include respiratory clinical manifestations

A

c Vaccines are not available for the control

50
Q

False layer syndrome (FLS):

a Leads to poor egg quality

b Is considered a foreign animal disease in Canada

c Is associated with development of cystic oviduct lesions

d The causative virus belongs to the Family, Herpesviridae

e Affected birds suffer from respiratory clinical signs

A

c Is associated with development of cystic oviduct lesions

51
Q

what is seen on histo with avipox

A

epithelial hyperplasia and ballooning degeneration

52
Q

what is special about replication with Pox viruses?

A

replicates in cytoplasm instead of nucleus, despite being a DNA virus

53
Q

something about gross lesions of dry avipox

A
54
Q

something about wet avipox

A
55
Q

how is dry avipox transmitted

A

abrasions, mosquito bites, cannibalism

56
Q

how is wet avipox transmitted

A

aerosols

57
Q

how are vaccines delivered for axipox

A

wing-web method in chickens/pigeons, drumstick stab - turkeys

58
Q

how can you check if a vaccine against fowlpox worked?

A

look for scab / reaction site

59
Q

what is unique about the genome of infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)

A

segmented

60
Q

how many serotypes of IBDV are there? subgroups?

A

2

1 has 3 subgroups (classic, virulent, very virulent)

2 is nonpathogenic

61
Q

when is clinical disease common if a chicken becomes infected with IBDV

A

3-6 weeks of age

62
Q

IBDV has a tropism for dividing ______ in _____

A

IBDV has a tropism for dividing pre B cells in B of Fabricius

63
Q

chicken presents with D+, anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, and the vent feathers are stained with fecus and urates.

what are you concerned about

A

IBDV

64
Q

what are strategies to use to protect against maternal antibodies (concerning IBDV)

short answer q**

A

choose appropriate vaccine type (whether its classic, virulent, or very virulent)

immune complex vaccine

65
Q

what is CAV

A

chicken anemia virus

66
Q

what does CAV target? what is the result

A

targets thymus –> prevents maturation of T lymphocytes

67
Q

what family and genus is CAV a part of

A

family Circoviridae and the genus Gyrovirus.

68
Q

where are clinical signs seen with CAV? (what age)

A

younger than 2-3 weeks

69
Q

true or false: the transmission of CAV is horizontal only

A

false - vertical too

70
Q

broiler presents with lameness (hockey stick legs) - what are you concerned about

A

reo viral arthritis

71
Q

You are asked to vaccinate a flock of chickens to prevent pox viral infection. You administer the vaccine via
a In ovo route
b Intramuscular
c Wing web
d Drinking water
e Aerosols

A

c Wing web

72
Q

In ovo immune complex vaccines against infectious bursal disease (IBD)

a Consists of T cells and the vaccine virus in one formula

b Prevent maternal antibody interference

c Provide passive as well as active immunity

d Provide passive immunity only when maternal antibody levels are low

e Used for stimulating innate immune responses rather than antibody-mediated immune responses

A

b Prevent maternal antibody interference

422 Virology (15 decks)

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