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422 Virology > lecture 1- intro > Flashcards

lecture 1- intro Flashcards

1
Q

what are characteristics that define a virus?

A
  • small obligate intracellular parasites
  • the propagation of viruses depends on specialized host cells supplying the complex metabolic and biosynthetic machinery
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2
Q

do viruses have organelles?

A

no

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3
Q

which is more resistant- enveloped or naked viruses? why?

A

Naked viruses are more resistant because soap would dissolve the lipid bilayer of enveloped viruses, thus inactivating them

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4
Q

what is the function of a capsid

A

shell to protect viral genome from nucleases

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5
Q

where is viral envelope derived from

A

host cell membranes (plasma, other)

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6
Q

exterior of envelope bilayer is studded with ___

A

glycosylated transmembrane proteins

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7
Q

importance of outer capsid and envelop proteins

A

determine host range and antigenic composition of virion

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8
Q

largest known virus? what does it infect?

A

Pithovirus infects amoebas

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9
Q

second largest virus

A

pandora virus

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10
Q

the head of a bacteriophage is made of…

A

protein and DNA

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11
Q

the tail of a bacteriophage is made of …

A

protein only

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12
Q

largest animal virus

A

poxvirus

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13
Q

smallest viruses? how many protein species?

A

circoviruses have 2 protein species

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14
Q

true or false: most viruses are DNA viruses

A

false - 70% are RNA

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15
Q

example of an enveloped DNA virus

A

herpesvirus

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16
Q

example of a naked DNA virus

A

adenovirus, parvo

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17
Q

example of an enveloped RNA virus

A

influenza

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18
Q

example of a naked DNA virus

A

parvovirus

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19
Q

implication of having segmented genome in the virus? give an example…

A

increased likelihood of reassortment, thus mutations

influenza virus is segmented so many variants might be packed together (spanish flu)

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20
Q

Linnaean hierarchical system

A

phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

21
Q

ICTV stands for

A

international committee on taxonomy of viruses

22
Q

what did the ICTV establish?

A

viruses should not be classified on the basis of phylum or class because their small genome size and high rate of mutation make it difficult to determine their ancestry beyond order

23
Q

Order of virus

A

-virales

24
Q

Family of virus

A

-viridae

25
Q

Subfamily of virus

A

-virinae

26
Q

Genus of virus

A

-virus

27
Q

Species of virus

A

-virus

28
Q

what are the 7 orders of viruses based on ICTV classification?

A
  • Caudovirales
  • Herpesvirales
  • Ligamenvirales
  • Mononegavirales
  • Nidovirales
  • Picornavirales
  • Tymovirales

(cat herpes likely mean no pictures taken)

29
Q

caudovirales

A

tailed dsDNA (group 1) bacteriophages

30
Q

herpesvirales

A

large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses

31
Q

ligamenvirales

A

linear, dsDNA (group 1) archaean viruses

32
Q

mononegavirales

A

nonsegmented (-) strand ssRNA (group V) plant and animal viruses

33
Q

nidovirales

A

(+) strand ssRNA (group IV) vertebrate viruses

34
Q

picornavirales

A

small (+) strand ssRNA viruses that infect a variety of plant, insect, and animal hosts

35
Q

tymovirales

A

monoparasite (+) ssRNA viruses that infect plants

36
Q

baltimore classification of viruses

A

I - VII
based on mechanism of mRNA production

37
Q

Baltimore I? example?

A

dsDNA

(adeno, herpes, pox)

38
Q

Baltimore II? example?

A

ssDNA (+ sense) DNA

(parvo)

39
Q

Baltimore III? example?

A

dsRNA

(reoviruses)

40
Q

Baltimore IV? example?

A

(+) ssRNA

(picornaviruses, togaviruses)

41
Q

Baltimore V? example?

A

(-) ssRNA

(orthomyxoviruses, rhabdoviruses)

42
Q

Baltimore VI? example?

A

ssRNA-RT (+ sense) RNA with intermediate in life-cycle

(retroviruses)

43
Q

Baltimore VII? example?

A

dsDNA-RT

(hepadnaviruses)

44
Q

pathway of primary mRNA synthesis for dsDNA viruses?

A

cellular RNA pol2 –> mRNA (+)

or

for pox, asfa, and irido:
Virion transcriptase –> mRNA (+)

45
Q

pathway of primary mRNA synthesis for ssDNA viruses?

A

cellular DNA pol –> dsDNA –> cellular RNA pol2 –> mRNA (+)

46
Q

pathway of primary mRNA synthesis for ssRNA (+) viruses?

A

viral genome act as mRNA –> mRNA (+)

or

for retro:
virion reverse transcriptase –> ssDNA –> cellular pol2 –> mRNA (+)

47
Q

pathway of primary mRNA synthesis for ssDNA (-) viruses?

A

virion RdRp –> mRNA (+)

or

for delta:
cellular RNA pol2 –> mRNA (+)

48
Q

pathway of primary mRNA synthesis for dsDNA viruses?

A

virion RdRp –> mRNA (+)

422 Virology (15 decks)

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