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D.Kurry Histology KCUMB > lecture 13 > Flashcards

lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are characteristics of stem cells

A

proliferate well

self renewing

Reconsisute tissue after injury

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2
Q

What does totipotent mean?

A

Cell give rise to all cells in organism

ex: Zygote

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3
Q

What is pluripotent?

A

“Embroyonic Steam cell”

Gives rise to all cells of the embroyo and subsequently and adult tissue

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4
Q

What is multipotent?

A

Gives rise to different cell types of a given lineage and stem cells

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5
Q

When are hemopoitetic sites?

A
  • 2wks-8wks of gestation
    • islands of hematopoiesis (blood islands) are found in yolk sac wall
    • First occurance of blood cells
    • no leukocytes
  • 8wks to 28wks of gestation
    • hematopoesis on liver then spleen
    • normally ceases around time of birth
  • 6 months gestation and beyond
    • hematopoesis at read bone marrow
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6
Q

what are characteristics of bone marrow?

A
  • Red marrow is the source of all blood cells
    • (at birth all marrow is red marrow)
  • Prior to puberty found in
    • skull, ribs,, sternum, clavicles, pelvis, long bones
  • After puberty
    • All of the above except long bones
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7
Q

What extramedullary hemaotpoesis?

A

blood formation in spleen and liver during certain diease states

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8
Q

What is the stroma ?

A
  • Bone marrow histology
  • contains fbroblasts, retictular cells, adipose cells, and endothelial cells
  • synthesiss and secreation of hemopoeitic growth factor
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9
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

consists of various lineges of hematopoetic cells in different stages of differentation

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10
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Bone marrow histology

Endothelial lined spaces that connect arterial and venous vessels

provides acess for mature blood cells to move into circulation

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11
Q

what are hematopoietic chords

A

Bands of parenchyma and stroma lying between sinusoids

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12
Q

know thsi slide

A
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13
Q

How do RBCs and Megakaryocytes relate to trans endothelial migration?

A

Mature RBC migrate through hemapotetic cords through sinusodial endothelial walls into the sinusoids

Megakaryocytes (site of platelet production) is too large to translocate and remains in the stroma

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14
Q

memorize and known this slide in and out

A
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15
Q

What is a hematopotetic cells?

A

pluripotent

self renews

produce two kinds of multopotent precursors cells

myeloid stem. -> all blood lines EXCEPT lympocytes

lymphoid stem cell - gives rise to lymphocytes

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16
Q

What does a myeloid stem cell form?

A
  1. erythoid CFU
    1. myeloid stem cell -> RBC
  2. Megakaryocyte CFU
    1. myeloid stem cell -> platelet precursors
  3. Basophil CFU *
  4. Eosinophil CFU *
  5. Granulocytes CFU *

* = white blood cell

CFU = colony forming units

17
Q

What does a lymphoid cell form?

A

T cell progenitor

B cell progenitor

18
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19
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20
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21
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22
Q

what is the series for granulocyte CFU?

A

monoblast*

Promonocytes

Monocyte**

macrophage

** = cells normally found in circulation

* = cells which can divide

23
Q

What is the series for a macrophage CFU?

A
  1. Myeloblast *
  2. Promyelocyte *
  3. MyeloCyte *
  4. Metamyelocyte
  5. Band Cell **
  6. Neutrophil **

* = cells which can divide

** = normally found in circulation

24
Q

what is the series for Eosinophil CFU?

A
  1. Myeleoblast*
  2. Promyelocyte*
  3. Myelocyte*
  4. Metamyelocyte
  5. Band Cell**
  6. Eosinophil or basophil becomes mast cell

* Cells which can divide

** Cells normally found in the circulation

25
Q

What is the series for megakaryocyte CFU?

A
  1. Megakaryoblast
  2. Mega karyocyte
  3. Platelets**

* Cells which can divide

** Cells normally found in the circulation

26
Q

what is the series for Erythroid CFU?

A

Proerythrobast*

basophillic erythoblast*

polychromatophillic erythroblast

orthochromatic erythroblast

Reticulocyte**

Erythrocyte**

27
Q

What are the three major hemipoietic growth factors?

A

Colony –stimulating factors •

Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin •

Cytokines (primarily interleukins)

28
Q

Where are hemopoetic growth factors and cytokines produced?

A

endothelial cells in marrow, fibroblasts, and stromal cells

29
Q

What are colony stimulating growth factors?

A

granulocyte/monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM CSF)

  • Produced by endothelial cells, T cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes
  • Stimulates granulocytopoiesis and monocytopoiesis
  • Ameliorates neutropenia (synthetic form: sargramostim or melgramostim).

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF):

  • Produced by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages
  • Directs CFU-G to proliferate and differentiate into myeloblasts
  • USed after chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat neutropenia

Monocyte colony stimulating factor:

  • Commits CFU-GM to monocytic pathway
30
Q

What are erythopoeitin and thrombopotein hematopoietic growthf actors?

A

Erythropoietin:

  • Directs CFU-E to proliferate and differentiate into proerythroblasts
  • Produced in kidney in response to decrease in oxygen saturation
  • Secondary polycythemia is any abnormal increase in total RBC mass resulting from hypoxia and stimulating release of erythropoietin.
  • Possible causes include Tetralogy of Fallot and cigarette smoke.

Thrombopoietin:

  • Directs formation of megakaryoblasts
  • Produced in proximal convoluted tubules of kidney
  • Produced in parenchymal cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver
  • No therapeutic use
31
Q

What are Cytokines ?

A
  • Mediate positive and negative effects on cellular quiescence, apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Engage specific receptors and activate a variety of signaling pathways.
  • Examples:
  1. Interleukin-3
  2. GM-CSF
  3. Fit-3 ligand
  4. Kit ligand
32
Q

What are other hemopoeitc growth factors?

A

ECM components:

  • Heparin sulfates
  • Collagens
  • Laminin
  • Fibronectin

Chemokines:

  • Regulate blood cell trafficking and homing to sites of need.
  • May serve as positive and negative growth regulators. Bind to guanine protein-coupled transmembrane receptors.
  • Example: Sdf-1
33
Q
A

D.Kurry Histology KCUMB (26 decks)

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