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D.Kurry Histology KCUMB > Example Questions From Lectures > Flashcards

Example Questions From Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the tissue type.

A. Smooth muscle

B. Dense fibrous connective tissue

C. Cardiac muslce

D. Stratified squamous epitheliumm

E. Kidney tubules

A

A. Smooth muscle

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2
Q

What type of cell is depicted in the following photomicrograph?

A. Astrocyte

B. Pseudounipolar neuron

C. Motor neuron

D. Bipolar neuron

A

B. Pseudounipolar neuron

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3
Q

Which of the following types of cells myelinated axons of the CNS?

A. Astrocytes

B. Oligodendrocytes

C. Schwann cells

D. Microglial cells

A

B. Oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

The sensory layer of the ciliary body produces aqueous humor. This fluid is first secreted into which of the following chambers?

A. Vitreous body

B. Anterior chamber

C. Posterior chamber

D. Canal of Schlemm

E. Choroid layer

A

C. Posterior chamber

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5
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are characterized by the pressence of intercalated discs. These structures provide structural integrity to the cardiac muscle tissue and also facilitate transmission of impulses from one cell to another. Which of the following membrane specialization areassociated with the longitudinal component of the disc?

A. Macula adherentes

B. Gap junctions

C. Fascia adherentes

D. Actin and desmin filaments

A

B. Gap junctions

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6
Q

In the photomicrograph below, he arrow is pointing to which of the following structures?

A. Pigmented layer of the retina

B. Sensory layer of the retina

C. Choroid

D. Sclera

A

B. Sensory layer of the retina

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7
Q

In blood clotting mechanisms, activation of the extrensic pathway is initiated by formation of which of the following?

A. Thromboplastin

B. Factor X

C. Factor V

D. Calcium

A

A. Thromboplastin

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8
Q

The non-photosensitive area of the retina lies anterior to which of the following landmarks?

A. Limbus

B. Ciliary body

C. Canal of Schlemm

D. Ora serrata

A

D. Ora serrata

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9
Q

The structural component of the blood brain barrier consists of which of the following components?

A. The tight junctions of the capillary endothelium.

B. The end feet of the astrocytic processes.

C. The fenestrated endothelium of the choroid capillaries.

D. Foot processes of the tanycytes.

A

A. The tight junctions of the capillary endothelium.

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10
Q

The large reddish blood cell shown in this photomicrograph represents which of the following kinds of cells?

A. Neutrophil

B. Basophil

C. Eosinophil

D. Lymphocyte

A

C. Eosinophil

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11
Q

A mother who has not received adequate prenatal care and who does not have current medical records delivers her first baby. The baby is tested and found to be Rh-negative. The mother’s blood is typed prior to delivery. Which of the following would be appropriate advice for the new mother?

A. Whether the mother is Rh-negative of Rh-positive, no further treatment is required with regards to Rh antigen.

B. If the mother is Rh-positive, she needs to be given the anti-D globulin to mask the antigenic sites on the fetal RBCs that may have leaked into maternal circulation during childbirth.

C. If the mother is Rh-negative, she needs to be given the anti-D globulin to mask the antigenic sites on the fetal RBCs that may have leaked into the material circulation during childbirth.

D. If the mother is Rh-positive, the baby needs to be given the anti-D globulin to mask the anti-D antibodies that may have leaked into the baby’s blood stream during delivery.

A

A. Whether the mother is Rh-negative of Rh-positive, no further treatment is required with regards to Rh antigen.

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12
Q

In the attached photomicrograph, identify specific types of cells indicated by arrow and the type of bone formation shown here.

A. Chondroblasts and endochondral bone growth

B. Osteoclasts and endochondral bone growth

C. Osteoclasts and intramembrane bone formation

D. Osteoblasts and intramembrane bone formation

A

D. Osteoblasts and intramembrane bone formation

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13
Q

This protein extends from the Z band of a sarcomere and serves as a template to regulate the length of an actin filament.

A. Titin

B. Z-actin

C. Troponin

D. Nebulin

E. Plectin

A

D. Nebulin

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14
Q

Erythropoietin directs the CFU-E to proliferate and to differentiate into proerythroblasts. Which of the following sites represents the source of erythropoietin?

A. Liver

B. Kidney

C. Bone marrow

D. Spleen

A

B. Kidney

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15
Q

Which of the following transcription factors induces proliferation and self-renewal of satellite cells allowing them to become mitotic in times of stress?

A. MyoD

B. Erythropoietin

C. Myogenic regulatory factor My5

D. α7β1 integrin

A

MYOD

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16
Q

Which of the following types of cells are associated with the blood-brain barrier.

A. Astrocytes

B. Oligodendrocytes

C. Schwann cells

D. Microglial cells

A

A. Astrocytes

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17
Q

Voltage-gated channels are found on which of the following kinds of membranes?

A. Epineurium

B. Neurolemma

C. Perineurium

D. Endoneurium

A

B. Neurolemma

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18
Q

Identify the sturcture indicated by the letter “A”.

A. Canaliculi

B. Osteocyte

C. Lamella

D. Lacuna

A

D. Lacuna

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19
Q

In the myelinated sheath of peripheral axons, which of the following is important in binding together the outer leaflets of the Schwann cell plasmalemma and helping to compact the cytoplasm?

A. Proteolipid protein

B. Myelin basic protein

C. Major protein zero

D. Connection 32

A

C. Major protein zero

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20
Q

Identify the types of cells indicated by the arrow.

A. Cardiac muslce cells

B. Hyaline cartilage cells

C. Adipocytes

D. Striated cuboidal epithelial cells

E. Purkinje cells

A

E. Purkinje cells

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21
Q

Gamma motor neurons are associated with which of the following structures?

A. Golgi tendon organs

B. Secondary myfibers

C. Muscle spindles

D. Purkinje fibers

A

C. Muscle spindles

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22
Q

Identify the type of cell shown in this slide.

A. Lymphocyte

B. Neutrophil

C. Monocyte

D. Basophil

E. Eosinophil

A

B. Neutrophil

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23
Q

During the develpment and growth of long bones, hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone. Which of the following activities would be directly responsible for the increase in the length of the bone?

A. Destruction of chondrocytes by the invasion of the ossification front.

B. Enlargement of chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone.

C. Proliferation of chondrocytes away from the ossification front.

D. Generation of osteoblasts in the invasion zone.

A

C. Proliferation of chondrocytes away from the ossification front.

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24
Q

Which of the following sequences represents the correct lineage for a neutrophil?

A. Myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band cell, neutrophil

B. Myeloblast, metamyelocyte, promyelocyte, band cell, myelocyte, neutrophil

C. Metamyelocyte, myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, band cell, neutrophil

D. Myelocyte, promyelocyte, band cell, metamyelocyte, myeloblast, neutrophil

A

A. Myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band cell, neutrophil

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25
Q

The arrow in the photomicrograph below is pointing to which of the following structures?

A. Bowman’s membrane

B. Decemet’s membrane

C. Bruch’s membrane

D. Pigmented layer

A

A. Bowman’s membrane

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26
Q

Which of the following types of cells serve as interneurons that interconnnect ganglion cells and bipolar cells?

A. Mueller cells

B. Amacrine cells

C. Brunner cells

D. Horizontal cells

A

B. Amacrine cells

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27
Q

Histocytes, dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are forms of which of the following?

A. Fibrocytes.

B. Plasma cells

C. Mast cells

D. Macrophages

A

D. Macrophages

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28
Q

Which of the following characteristics best characterizes the synovial membrane lining of a typical synovial joint cavity?

A. This membrane is highly vascularized and poorly innervated.

B. This membrane is highly vascularized and richly innervated.

C. This membrane is poorly vascularized and richly innervated.

D. This membrane is poorly vascularized and poorly innervated.

A

A. This membrane is heighly vascularized and poorly innervated.

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29
Q

Identify the type of cell shown in this slide.

A. Lymphocyte

B. Neutrophil

C. Monocyte

D. Basophil

E. Eosinophil

A

A. Lymphocyte

30
Q

Photosensitive pigments are associated with which of the following segments of a photosensitive cell?

A. Spherule

B. Pedicle

C. Cell body

D. Inner segment

E. Outer segment

A

outer segment

31
Q

Flow of nutrients and oxygen to osteocytes depends on a system of passageways within the bone matrix itself. Which of the following are responsible for conducting these nutrients directly to the osteocytes embedded within the bone?

A. Haversian canal

B. Volkmann canal

C. Canaliculi

D. Capillaries

A

C. Canaliculi

32
Q

Which of the following is not part of a Haversian system?

A. Lamellae

B. Volkmann canals

C. Periosteum

D. Canaliculi

E. Lacunae

A

C. Periosteum

33
Q

Of the the circulating blood cell types, which of the following is an active ameoboid phagocyte, characterized by numerous small specific granules and larger, less numerous azurophilic granules?

A. Eosinophil

B. Neutrophil

C. Basophil

D. Monocyte

A

B. Neutrophil

34
Q

The following photomicrograph shows a portion of an epiphyseal plate. The specific region of the growth plate indicated by the letter “B” represents which of the following growth plate zones?

A. Calcification zone

B. Proliferative zone

C. Reserve zone

D. Hypertrophic zone

A

D. Hypertrophic zone

35
Q

Which of the following growth factors may be administered to treat neutropenia following chemotherapy or radiation therapy?

A. Erythropoietin

B. Thrombopoietin

C. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

D. Monocyte colony stimulating factor

A

C. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

36
Q

Which of the following cell types have a bilobed nucleus and specific granules containing major basic protein that disrupts parasite membranes?

A. Basophils

B. Eosinophils

C. Neutrophils

D. Monocytes

E. Lymphocytes

A

B. Eosinophils

37
Q

Which of the following terms does NOT refer to mature bone?

A. Lamellar

B. Spongy

C. Compact

D. Woven

E. Cancellous

A

D. Woven

38
Q

The granulocyte/macrophage colony forming unit gives rise to monocytes and also to which of the following kinds of mature blood cells?

A. Basophils

B. Eosinophils

C. Neutrophils

D. Erythrocytes

A

C. Neutrophils

39
Q

Which of the following types of cells possess prominent Golgi and extensive RER and that are described as having pale nuclei with a “clock-face” distribution of heterochromatin?

A. Fibrocytes

B. Plasma cells

C. Mast cells

D. Macrophages

A

C. Mast cells

40
Q

In a skeletal muscle fiber, which of the following extends from one myofibril to another and to the sarcolemma?

A. Desmin

B. Plectin

C. Alpha-beta-crystallin

D. Dystroglycan complex

A

A. Desmin

41
Q

Reabsorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts involves removal of both the organic and the inorganic component of the matrix. Which of the following is secreted by osteoclasts to degrade the organic matrix of the bone?

A. Hydrogen and chloride ions

B. Osteopontin

C. Cathespin K

D. Osteoprotegrin

A

C. Cathespin K

42
Q

Identify the layer indicated by the arrow.

A. Inner plexiform layer

B. Outer nuclear layer

C. Outer plexiform layer

D. Inner nuclear layer

A

D. Inner nuclear layer

43
Q

Identify the tissue type.

A. Fibrous cartilage

B. Elastic cartilage

C. Hyaline cartilage

D. Membranous bone

A

C. Hyaline cartilage

44
Q

Prothrombin is the inactive form of thrombin. It is activated by which of the following factors when the factor comes into contact with collagen in the damaged vessel wall?

A. Factor V

B. Factor X

C. Factor XII

D. Factor XIII

A

C. Factor XII

45
Q

Which of the following is normally secreted by osteoblasts and binds to RANKL to prevent maturation of osteoclasts?

A. Calcitonin

B. Osteoprotegrin

C. Denosumab

D. Aγβ3 integrin

A

B. Osteoprotegrin

46
Q

Afferent sensory neurons with cell bodies found in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves are best described according to which of the following categories?

A. Multipolar neurons

B. Bipolar neurons.

C. Golgi type II neurons

D. Pseudounipolar neurons

A

D. Pseudounipolar neurons

47
Q

Fast axonal transport (400 mm per day) is used to transport synaptic vesicles are neurotransmitters. Which of the following characteristics apply to this mechanism?

A. Kinesin motor protein and anterograde transport

B. Cytoplasmic dynein motor proteins and anterograde

C. Kinesin motor proteins and retrograde transport

D. Cytoplasmic dynein motor proteins and retrograde transport

A

A. Kinesin motor protein and anterograde transport

48
Q

The optic nerve is a bundle of axons that originates from which of the following cell types?

A. Photosensitive cells

B. Amacrine cells

C. Bipolar cells

D. Ganglion cells

E. Mueller cells

A

ganglion

49
Q

Alpha-actinin in smooth muscle cells is associated with anchoring actin filaments. It is found in which of the following structures in smooth muscle cells?

A. Caveolin monomers

B. Sphigolipids

C. Dense bodies

D. Dystrophin

A

C. Dense bodies

50
Q

Which of the following types of collagen forms a meshwork in basement membranes?

A. Type I

B. Type II

C. Type III

D. Type IV

E. Type V

A

D. Type IV

51
Q

Cell bodies of bipolar cells horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and Mueller cells form which of the following layers of the retina?

A. Outer nuclear layer

B. Outer plexiform layer

C. Inner nuclear layer

D. Inner plexiform layer

A

C. Inner nuclear layer

52
Q

A stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium with free nerve endings is characteristic of which of the following?

A. Decemet’s membrane

B. Corneal epithelium

C. Bowman’s membrane

D. Sclera

E. Anterior surface of the iris

A

B. Corneal epithelium

53
Q

Identify the layer indicated by the arrow.

A. Inner plexiform layer

B. Outer nuclear layer

C. Outer plexiform layer

D. Inner nuclear layer

A

B. Outer nuclear layer

54
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fibrocartilage?

A. Type II collagen

B. Not surrounded by a perichondrium

C. Found in intervertebral discs

D. Increased collagen in the matrix

E. Neither A nor B are characteristic of fibrocartilage

A

A. Type II collagen

Fibrocartilage contains type I collagen B and E are incorrect because not being surrounded by a perichondrium is a characteristic of fibrocartilage.

55
Q

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblasts to secrete/express which of the following?

A. Osteoprotegerin

B. M-CSF

C. RANKL

D. All of the above

E. Only B and C

A

E. Only B and C (M-CSF and RANKL)

56
Q

In endochondral bone formation, deposition of bone matrix occurs on which of the following substrates?

A. Fibrous connective tissue

B. Chondroitin sulfate in hyaline cartilage matrix

C. Calcified hyaline cartilage matrix

D. Woven bone

A

C. Calcified hyaline cartilage matrix

57
Q

Identify the specific type of blood cell marked with an asterisk in the photomicrograph below.

A. Monocyte

B. Lymphocyte

C. Megakaryocyte

D. Proerythroblast

A

D. Proerythroblast

58
Q

Identify the fine lines indicated by he letter “A”

A. Bile canaliculi

B. Haversian canaliculi

C. Elastic fibers

D. Collagen fibers

A

B. Haversian canalicul

59
Q

A “slipped” or herniated disc results when pressure on the vertebral column causes a displacement of the nucleus pulposus in the center of the disc which leads to a bulge caused by this displaced pressure. The weakend part of the disc that bulges out is the annulus ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus. Which of the following types of tissues makes up this annular ring?

A. Hyaline cartilage

B. Fibrocartilage

C. Elastic cartilage

D. Woven bone

A

B. Fibrocartilage

60
Q

In the hematopoietic lineage of the various granulocytes, which of the following immature cell types may be found in circulation?

A. Myelocyte

B. Band cell

C. Promyelocyte

D. Metamyelocyte

A

B. Band cell

61
Q

The lamina cribosa is associated with which of he following layers of the eyeball?

A. Cornea

B. Sclera

C. Choroid

D. Inner tunic

A

B. Sclera

62
Q

The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. They consist of three layers. Which of the following statements is true regarding these membranes?

A. The subdural space is only associated with the meninges around the brain.

B. The epidural space is only associated with the meninges around the spinal cord.

C. Cerebral spinal fluid is found in the subdural space.

D. Arachnoid granulations are projections from the pia mater.

A

B. The epidural space is only associated with the meninges around the spinal cord.

63
Q

In the photomicrograph below identify the specific structure indicated by the arrow.

A. Axon

B. Axon hillock

C. Dendrite

D. Telodendrite

A

A. Axon

64
Q

Identify the tissue type.

A. Hyaline cartilage

B. Dense bone

C. Trabecular bone

D. Warton’s jelly

A

C. Trabecular bone

65
Q

In neuromuscular spindles, intrafusal fibers within the neuromuscular spindles are supplied by which of the following fibers?
A. Alpha fibers

B. Gamma fibers

C. Delta fibers

D. Beta fibers

E. None of the above

A

B. Gamma fibers

66
Q

Which of the following types of cells stain with toluidine blue and are characterized by large metachromatic granules containing histamine, ECF-A, SRS-A, and heparin?

A. Fibrocyte

B. Plasma cells

C. Mast cells

D. Macrophages

A

C. Mast cells

67
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the epineurium?

A. It is a membrane composed of type III collagen surrounding a fascicle.

B. It is a membrane composed of type I collagen surrounding a fascicle.

C. It is a membrane composed of type III collagen surrounding a nerve.

D. It is a membrane composed of type I collagen surrounding a nerve.

A

D. It is a membrane composed of type I collagen surrounding a nerve.

68
Q

What type of cell is depicted in the following photomicrograph?

A. Oligodendrocyte

B. Golgi type II cell

C. Astrocyte

D. Golgi type I cell

A

C. Astrocyte

69
Q

Identify the tissue type.

A. Hyaline cartilage

B. Adipose tissue

C. Areolar connective tissue

D. Dense bone

A

A. Hyaline cartilage

70
Q

Which of the following represents the area of the highest visual acuity?

A. Ora serrata

B. Optic disc

C. Foeva centralis

D. Macula densa

A

C. Foeva centralis

D.Kurry Histology KCUMB (26 decks)

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