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D.Kurry Histology KCUMB > Exam 3 - Renal Histology > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Renal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic stucture of the renal corpuscle including vascular supply?

A
  • Glomerulus
    • afferent and efferent arteriole
  • Bowmans capsule
    • is a double layered, cup shaped dilation of the nephron; it consists of an inner and outer layer
    • bowmans space is located between the parieta land viscera layers and is continuous with the lumen of the prximal convoluted tubule
  • Involved in producing a filtrate of blood
  • the rest of the nephron used in modifying the filtration
  • 3 processes
    • filtration - occuring in the renal corpuscle
    • reabsorption occuring in the renal tubule
    • Secretion occuring in the renal tubule
  • What ever is filitered and secreted but not reabsorbed forms the excretory product of the kidneys
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2
Q

What is the bowmans capsule?

A
  • is a double layered, cup shaped dilation of the nephron; it consists of an inner and outer layer
    • Parietal Layer
      • this is an oute layer of simple squamous epithelium
      • the squamous epithelium is continuous with the simple cuboidal epitheloum of the proximal convoluted tubule
    • Visceral layer
      • this is the inner layer of podocytes in contact the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries
  • bowmans space is located between the parieta land viscera layers and is continuous with the lumen of the prximal convoluted tubule
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3
Q

What is the glomerulus

A
  • afferent arteriole
    • juxtaglomerular cells
    • circular smooth muscle cells at the vascular pole
    • secrete renin (hypertensive factor)
  • Glomerular formation of capillaries
  • Efferent arteriole
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4
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What is the structure of the extraglomerular and intraglomerular mesangium?

A
  • Intraglomercular mesangial cells are located between nearby capillaries in the glomerulus and cover endothelium not covered by podocytes
  • Extraglomerular mesangial cells located between the afferent and efferent aterioles at the vascular pole and are associated with the juxtaglomerular appartus
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5
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What are the funtions of the mesangium

A
  • Contractile: utilize cytoskeltal contractile proteins to modify blood flow through the glomerular capillaries
  • phagocytic: take up worn out glomerular basal lamina for recycling and also phagocytose immunoglobins trapped in the basal lamina
  • proliferative
  • synthesize matrix and collagen
  • secrete prostaglandins and endothelins
  • respond to angiotensin II
  • Provide mechanical support and regulate blood flow
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6
Q

What the componets of the juxtaglomerular appartus?

A
  • macula densa
  • extraglomerular mesangual cells
  • juxtaglomerular cells
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7
Q

What is the histology of the macula densa

A

Formed by elongated densely packed cells in the wall of the convoluted tubule. the polarity of these cells is reversed

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8
Q

What is the function of the macula densa

A
  • responds to chagnes in sodium and chloride concentration in the urine or hypotensis
  • signals renin to release from juxtaglomerular cells
  • involved in regulation of fluid eletrolyte balance and blood pressure regulation
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9
Q

What is the structure of the juxtaglomerular cells and where are they found?

A

MOdified smooth muscle cells associated with macula densa and afferent arteriole

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10
Q

What are the components of the renal tubule?

A

Secrete renin into the blood when stumulated by the macula densa

innervated by sympathetic nerve endings which increase renin release

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11
Q

What is the histology of the components of the renal fitration barrier

A
  • Components
    • fenestrated endothelium of glomerular acpillaries
    • fused basal laminae of endothelial cell and podocytes
    • filtration barrier components
      • fenestrated endothelium of capillaries
      • basal almine
        • type 4 collagen, fibronectin, lamin, herparin sulfate
      • Filtration slits created by adjacent pedicels of podocytes
        • covered by filtration slit diagragm
        • pedicels are attached to basal lamina via alpha3beta1 integrins
  • Selectivity
    • water, glucose, and most ions pass through filter into bowmans space
    • proteins are typically excluded from passing across the filiter
    • molecules with large negative charge are exclded
      • like albumnin ( a small protein with negative charge)
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12
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What is the selectivity of the renal filtration barrier?

A
  • Water, glucose, and most ions pass through filter into bowmans space
  • proteins are typialled from passing across the filter
  • molecules with a large negative charge excluded
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13
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What histology of the proximal convoluted tuble

A
  • Extends from the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle to beginning of the loop of nele
  • Characteristics
    • simple cubodial epithelium made up truncated pyrimidle cells
    • apical (facing lumen of tubule) tight junctions and brush border
    • basolateral infoldings and interdigitations
    • basal striations with abundant mitochondria (for active transport across basal membrane )
    • Large, pale- staining nuclei
    • Eosinophillic Cytoplasm
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24
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what are the characteristics of the loop of henle?

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  • Extends from the proximal to distal convoluted tubules
  • made up of descending limb and ascending limb
  • Each limb has a thin and thick pub
    • Thick segments of the loop of henle are composed simple low cubodial epithelium
    • Thin segments of the loop of henle are composed of simple squamous epithelium
    • Cells of Thick scending limb have no brush border and more basal vertical striations
  • Thicks ascending limb is impermeable to water
25
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what are the functions of loop of henle ?

A
  • descending thin limb is permeable to water sodium and chloride and ions
  • ascending thin limb is impearmeable to water and acetively pumps chloride ion out of the tubule alowing sodium ions to follow
  • The major function of the loop of henle is to establish the counter-current exchange system which creates the osmotic conditions necessary to pull water iut of the distal convulted tubule and collecting duct in the presence of ADH
26
Q

what are the characteristics of Distal Convoluted Tubles ?

A
  • Lined with simple cubodial epithelium with smaller cells than those of the proximal convoluted
  • THe lumen is larger than that of the proximal convoluted tubule and there is no brush border
  • The cytoplams is less esoinophilic than that of tje proximal convoluted tubule
  • The distal convoluted tubule is imperable to water except in the persence of ADH
    • Antiduretic Hormone (A.K.A vasopressin)
      • derived from the posterior Pituitary
        • to reduce water loss
27
Q

what are the characteristics of the collecting duct?

A
  • The collecting duct has a different embryological origin than that of the nephron
  • Its walls consists of somple cubiodal epithelium
  • Principal Cells
    • Reabsorbs sodium ions and water and secrete potassium via ATPase pump
  • Intercalated Cells
    • secrete eithers hydrogen ion or bicarbonate ion
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35
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What are the layers of the excertory passages ( Renal pelvis, ureter, and urinary bladder)?

A
  • Layers
    • mucosa
    • submucosa
    • Muscularis
    • Adventitia (fect external to muscularis; serosa over superior surface surface of bladder)
36
Q

What is the mucosa?

A
  • transitional epithelium (urothelium), basement membrane, lamina propria of FECT; soome loose lymphoid tissue and a few smooth muscle cells
37
Q

What is muscularis ?

A
  • Inner longitdinal and outer circular smooth muscle coat in ureter
  • lower third of ureter has external longitudinal coat
  • layers of smooth muscle in urinary bladder form detrusor muscle
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46
Q

WHat are different layers of the male urethra

A
  • PRostatic urethra
    • section of urethra passing through prostate gland
    • mucosa lined with transitional epithelium
    • Highly vascularized with veins with abundant elastic tissue
  • Membranous Urethra
    • Tall pseudostratified columnar cells but variable
    • extends through urogentital diaphragm and recieves squamous epithelium
  • Cavernous urethra
    • lined with pseuduostratified epithelium with patches of stratified squamous epithelium
  • glands
    • lacunae of morgagni are invaginations of mucous membrane containing single or groups of intraepithelial mucous cells
    • glands of littre are rbanched tublar glands opening into the lacuna of morgagni
47
Q

What are teh differnt Layers of the female urethra ?

A
  • Mucosa is lined primarily with stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium with intraepitelial nests of mucous glands
  • Lamina Propria is highly vascularized with veins with an abundance of elastic tissue
  • Submucosa is not discernible
  • muscularis has an inner longitudinal and an outer circular layer of smooth muscle cell but is not well defined
  • adventitia is not discernible
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D.Kurry Histology KCUMB (26 decks)

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