Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physiology > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three steps of oxygen delivery and consumption

A

1.oxygenation
2. oxygen delivery
3. oxygen consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the amount of oxygen bound to the hemoglobin plus the amount of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood?

what is the normal amount?

A

Arterial oxygen content (CaO2)

20 mL O2/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ mL in a Liter
____ mL in a deciliter

A

1000
100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin plus the amount of oxygen dissolved in mixed venous blood?

normal amount is about ?

A

Mixed venous blood oxygen content (CvO2)

15 mL O2/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The change in oxygen levels from the arteries to the veins is ____________ minus ____________

A

Arterial Oxygen Content – Mixed Venous Blood Oxygen Content
CaO2 - CvO2= 4-5 mL/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

rate at which oxygen is transported from the lungs to the microcirculation is ______. The equation is _______.

A

DO2

COxCaO2=1000 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rate at which oxygen is removed from the blood for use by the tissues is _______.
Equation is ___________.
Target number?

A

VO2

CO x (CaO2 - CvO2)

200-250 mL O2/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the Fick Principal

A

Pulmonary blood flow (right ventricular output) equals systemic blood flow (left ventricular output)

Rate of oxygen utilization by the body is equal to the difference between the amount of oxygen leaving the lungs in the pulmonary venous blood and the amount of oxygen returning to the lungs in pulmonary artery blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the setting of diminished oxygen delivery, maintenance of a normal oxygen consumption (VO2) can be accomplished by ___________

A

increasing oxygen extraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When increased oxygen extraction is insufficient to maintain normal oxygen consumption, _________ will increase to improve delivery.

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At rest the heart’s oxygen consumption is ____________

A

8mL/min/100 g (heart tissue mass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coronary vessels extract ___% (maximum) of available oxygen
Brain, muscle ___%
Portal system ___%
Kidney ___%

A

70%
34%
18%
8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

With maximal exertion, oxygen demand increases ___ times, so
_________ flow must increase to accommodate this need

How does this happen?

A

5x
Coronary blood

Chemical byproducts of metabolism: carbon dioxide, potassium, hydrogen ions, adenosine** (all act as vasodilators)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the arteries lie on _____ of the heart, and smaller arteries can _____ the cardiac muscle.

small fraction of endocardium receives supply from the __________

A

surface
penetrate into

blood inside the heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Branches of the _________ and ____________ (pericardium) supply some of the blood flow

A

bronchial
esophageal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Refers to which coronary vessel gives rise to the __________ artery that perfuses the posterior interventricular septum and a portion of the LV is ________?

Usually the ________

A

posterior interventricular artery
Coronary dominance

  • Usually right coronary
17
Q

the period of time during which contraction occurs

A

systole

18
Q

The period of time during which the heart refills with blood.

A

diastole

19
Q

Ventricles in systole
________ mm Hg in the myocardium, ______ phase

Ventricles in diastole
_______ mm Hg, numerous large caliber subendocardial capillaries perfuse the muscle during this phase. _____ phase.

A

90-140 mm Hg
contraction

2-7 mm Hg
relaxation

20
Q

coronary perfusion is ___% of total cardiac output

___ cc/min in systole
___cc/min in diastole

A

5%

80
300

21
Q

the Left coronary artery branches off the _______.

It is ______ than the right

A

ascending aorta
shorter

22
Q

what does left coronary artery supply?

A

left ventricle
left atrium
bundle of HIS
anterior aspect of interventricular septum (IVS)

23
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary ?

A

LAD
Left circumflex

24
Q

What does the LAD of left coronary supply?

A

anterior LV
anterolateral myocardium
apex
anterior IVS
anterolateral papillary muscle

25
Q

widow maker

A

LAD (bc it commonly cause myocardial infarction)

26
Q

what does the left circumflex of the left coronary supply?

A

left marginal branches-posterolateral LV
occasionally PDA
- SA nodal branches come off this

27
Q

what are the branches of the aorta?

A

posterior descending
right marginal
SA nodal artery

28
Q

what does the aorta supply?

A

RA
RV
SA node
AV node

29
Q

what does the posterior descending aorta supply?

A

inferior wall
posterior IVS
posterior medial papillary muscle

30
Q

what is the largest cardiac vein? Where does it lie?

A

coronary sinus
coronary sulcus

31
Q

smaller run offs of the coronary sinus ?

A

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein

32
Q

anterior cardiac veins include?

A

drain anterior portion of RV
empty directly into RA

33
Q

What is primary control of coronary Blood Flow?
effect of?

A

local muscle metabolism
- oxygen demand

34
Q

what is secondary coronary blood flow?
effect of?

A

nervous control
- direct effects of stimuli on coronary vessels

35
Q

ANS control of coronary blood flow can be ____ or ______

A

direct
indirect

36
Q

Direct ANS control of coronary blood flow effects ________

Ach results in ________ of vessels

Epi/norepi
- Alpha receptors have _________ properties of ______ vessels
- Beta receptors have ______ properties of ______ vessels

A

vessels themselves

dilation

vasoconstrictive
intramuscular
vasodilator
epicardial

37
Q

indirect ANS control of coronary blood flow comes from the ________
indirect has ____ of an impact

norepinephrine/epi release results in increased ____, ____, and _____
Ach _____

A

activity of the heart
more

HR, contractility, muscle metabolism

does opposite effects

38
Q

Metabolic Control of Blood Flow can override nervous control

Hypoxia (______) triggers _______, which works as an _____ and ____

This response can be of benefit if area is of recent duration and minimal area involved

A

ischemia
adenosine
antiarrhythmic (slows rate) & potent vasodilator

39
Q

what is perfusion scan

A

injected with radioactive substance into blood supply and ECG taken to show low perfusion

Human Physiology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions