Lecture 12 Flashcards
Risk factors characteristics
- Present before development of problem
- Threats of basic needs of child
- When present high chance of later problems
- Risk factors can be present at different levels
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model
- Microsystem: individual and settings (family, school, peers)
- Mesosystem: relations microsystem with exosystem
- Exosystem: neighbours, media, wider family
- Macrosystem: culture
- Chronosystem: era and cohort effects
Protective factors
Increase chance of adaptive development
Vulnerability factors
Decrease chance of adaptive development
Important risk factors
- Stress
2. Parenting
Equifinality
Multiple risk factors leading to the same problem
Multifinality
Risk factors can have multiple effects
Risk and protective factors for internalizing problems, child characteristics
Risk:
- Inhibited temperament
- Withdrawn
- Later cognitive and attentional characteristics
Protective:
- High effortful control
- Internal locus of control
Risk and protective factors for internalizing problems, environmental characteristics
Risk:
- Exposure to negative events
- Negative learning experiences through conditioning or social learning
- Family avoidant coping style and low sociability
Protective:
Positively challenging father
Risk and protective factors for externalizing problems
Risk:
- Disinhibited temperament
- Weak self-control
- Bad environment
- Low empathy in family
Protective:
Positive role model, positive challenge/goal
Moderator effect models
Whether a variable is considered a protective or vulnerability factor depends on its connection with the risk variable
Main effects models
Single factors are identified as determining whether a child exposed to risk has a good or poor outcome and adaptation
Mediator effects models
Explore the role of intervening or intermediate variables on the effects of risks
Selective prevention
For risk group
Indicative prevention
For beginning problems
