Lecture 11

Question 1

When does puberty start

Answer 1

For girls it is the first menstruation

For boys the first ejaculation but size of testicles a better measure

Question 2

Duration of adolescence

Answer 2

Has increased over the years due to earlier menarche and later independence

Question 3

The adolescence paradox, risk and resilience

Answer 3

Risk:
Mental problems often start
Deviant behavior arises

Resilience:
Period of increased flexibility
Many mental problems disappear at the end of adolescence

Question 4

Brain development during adolescence

Answer 4

1. Gray matter decreases
2. Evolutionary old areas develop first
3. Areas involved in higher cognition last
4. Local connections decrease and distal connections increase

Question 5

Adolescent imbalance in brain

Answer 5

There is an imbalance between affective and control processes which increases risk behavior

Question 6

Factors that influence the development of pro-social behavior

Answer 6

1. Strategic motivations
2. Social relationship between helper and recipient
3. Needs of the recipient

Question 7

Dictator game

Answer 7

Nonstrategic giving stays the same with age

Question 8

Ultimatum game

Answer 8

Strategic giving increases with age

Question 9

Definition of culture

Answer 9

Information that is not fixed in the genome that is transmitted socially

Question 10

Social constructivism

Answer 10

Vygotsky’s theory that social environment is a critical guiding factor in development
New skills are learned in interaction with other people

Question 11

Zone of proximal development

Answer 11

Skills that are a bit too difficult but can be learned with help. But don’t help too much

Question 12

Scaffolding

Answer 12

Adapting instruction to the level of the child

Question 13

Culture difference themes

Answer 13

1. Industrial vs small scale
2. Individualistic vs collectivistic
3. Influence of economic inequality

Question 14

How does individualism or collectivism develop

Answer 14

USA: country of immigrants who strive for freedom and wealth

East Asia: growing rice demands extensive collaboration

Question 15

Why hierarchical societies replaced egalitarian societies

Answer 15

Traits of people higher in the hierarchy are selected through natural selection.

Question 16

Culture differences health and patients

Answer 16

1. Explanations of health and sickness
2. Behavior when sick
3. How to cure sickness
4. How to prevent becoming sick

Question 17

Immigrants and health care

Answer 17

1. Immigrants less likely to use mental health care
2. Providers possible biased against immigrants
3. Immigrants less likely to recognize mental health problems in their children