Lecture 11 Flashcards
Which gender looks longer at dolls and which looks longer at trucks at age 12 months?
Timing is equal at 12 months, Starts to differentiate to stereotypical at 18 months, and counter stereotypical at 2 years
When do we start gender labelling?
2 years old, understanding that they are boys or girls, can label themselves.
How do we think about gender at age 4 years?
Extensive knowledge of stereotypes, activities and traits of these stereotypes, gender roles are like rules of a game
What is gender consistency and when do we begin to apply it?
Knowing that gender doesn’t change based on situation, clothes, or haircut, Understanding of power segregation (ex: women=nurses, men=scientists), begin to apply at age 7
What percentage of kids now draw women as doctors?
60
What happens in later childhood to our ideas of gender?
- An understanding of stereotypes and that they don’t always apply
- Less critical of other children
How does our family affect how we think about gender?
The way they talk about it affects how we think about it for our entire lives (ex: daughters of working moms are more ambitious)
How can family treatment affect how we think about gender?
If treatment is equal, we think about it differently. Fathers are more likey to treat sons and daughters differently, mothers more likely to go based off personality
How do our peers influence how we think about gender at age 3 years?
Preference for gendered toys and same-gender playmates
How do our peers influence how we think about gender at age 10-11?
Majority of play is with the same gender, gender-typed play, preference for same gender friends even in gender neutral activities.
How do teachers reinforce gender stereotypes?
Feminization of education: more teachers are women, girls feel as if classroom is the place for them and boys feel as if it’s not. Boys are criticised for being themselves (active), girls are praised for being themselves (quiet).
How does the media reinforce gender stereotypes?
By exaggerating gender differences with modelling, tv, internet, and music
How does consumerism reinforce gender stereotypes?
Clothing is gendered, toys are gendered, music, shampoo etc
How did Lego go to being gendered?
Pink “Girl” lego came out, regular lego labelled as a male toy by deault.
What was the Pink and Blue project?
When women went to different houses to take pics of kids playthings, found an overwhelming amount of blue/red toys at boys houses, and pink toys at girls
What happens in gender role restriction?
Unrealistic expectations for body image, emotions, personality (ex: shy boys have more negative outcomes), can lead to teasing, exclusion and low-self esteem.
What is Gender Dysphoria?
10% of kids have a discomfort with their assigned gender role. 9% of kids, this discontinues, but for the other 1% they develop a trans identity. Experienced equally in boys and girls, more negatively looked at in boys.
What are some examples of role restrictions in media?
Mickey Mouse Monopoly; Critique of disney for portraying female characters as maidens, mothers, or temptresses. DQ commercial: Teaches boys that they’re being used, girls that they need to sell themselves
How is mens media getting worse?
Toys are getting more buff, cartoon characters getting more buff, men in Disney are exaggerated (Gaston, Make a man out of you). If men don’t have a ripped body, they are portrayed like Peter Griffin and Homer Simpson
What is a gender difference?
Actual, measurable gender differences on a biological basis OR socialization basis (training and conditioning)
What are stereotypes and what could they possibly cause?
Perceived differences that are possibly true or false. Could cause socialization
