lecture 11 Flashcards
1
Q
Gene
A
- Composed of a unique set of nucleotides
- segment of DNA in a specific site on a specific chromosome that contain info for producing a particular protein (polypeptide)
- carries biological information in a form that must be copied and transmitted from each cell to all its progeny
2
Q
Homologous chromosomes
A
- One inherited from female parent
- one inherited from male parent
- each with genes for the same traits
3
Q
Alleles
A
- Variations of the same gene
- each parent contributes one allele for each gene
- can code for the same version or different version of a trait
4
Q
Homozygotes
A
- Two identical alleles at a particular locus
- two dominants
5
Q
Heterozygote
A
- Two different alleles at a particular locus
- one dominant, one recessive
6
Q
Phenotype
A
Observable expression of a gene
7
Q
Pure breeds
A
- Produce identical offspring when self-fertilized (true breeding)
- Homozygotes
8
Q
Hybrids
A
- Mix of two different pure line
- heterozygotes
9
Q
Genotype
A
Genetic makeup (homozygotes & heterozygotes)
10
Q
Dominant allele
A
- Upper case letters
- masks the presence of another different allele
11
Q
Recessive allele
A
-lower case letters
- presence is masked by a dominant allele
12
Q
Mendel’s first law
A
Law of segregation
13
Q
Law of segregation
A
- Two copies of a gene separate when an individual makes gametes
- 2 alleles segregate into different gametes during egg & sperm formation (2n –> n)
- when 2 gametes unite, alleles become paired again (n + n = 2n)
14
Q
Probability of 2 independent events ( AND)
A
Multiplication
15
Q
Probability of 2 independent events (OR)
A
Sum
