Lecture 10.15.14 (Exam #3)

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

synthesis build up
uses energy
small –> bigger
ex. amino acid to protein

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

synthesis break down
gives energy
bigger –> smaller
ex. protein to amino acid

Question 3

synthesis that can both anabolism and catabolism

Answer 3

amphibolic

Question 4

metabolites

Answer 4

molecules that are made in a pathway

intermediates

Question 5

What 2 ways to maintain concentrations of intermediates at a steady state?

Answer 5

internally

externally

Question 6

Internal regulation of steady state concentrations of intermediates

Answer 6

molecules in cell regulate speed of enzymes

Question 7

Types of Internal Regulation

Answer 7

LaChatelier’s Principle

Allosteric Effectors

Question 8

LaChatelier’s Principles

Answer 8

In a system at equilibrium if there are changes in:
concentration
pressure
temperature
volume
equilibrium will shift to accommodate the change

Question 9

Allosteric Effectors

Answer 9

activator: tells enzyme to GO; stabilize R state (more product)
inhibitor: tells enzyme to SLOW; stabilize T state (less product)

Question 10

External regulation of steady state concentrations of intermediates

Answer 10

hormone/ligand/ neurotransmitter
change concentration of internal signals
EXTERNAL ALWAYS TRUMPS INTERNAL

Question 11

Why is ATP the universal currency for the cell?

Answer 11

high phosphoryl transfer potential
likes to give phosphate away
good Pi donor

Question 12

How much energy is released from Pi from ATP?

Answer 12

-30.5 kJ/mol

Question 13

ATP structure

Answer 13

3 phosphate groups

D-Ribose sugar + adenine (adenosine) by N-glycosidic linkage

Question 14

Why does ATP have a high phosphoryl transfer potential? (3)

Answer 14

ADP more stable resonance
less repulsion of negative charges (3 in ADP vs 4 in ATP)
entrophy (+ S: more disorder:spontaneous)