Lecture 10.13.14 (Exam #3)

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

major source of energy in our body
(CH2O)n
made by plants

Question 2

How are carbohydrates classified?

Answer 2

Complexity
Size
Functional Groups

Question 3

Complexity of carbohydrates

Answer 3

Mono: 1 sugar
Di: 2 sugars
Oligo: few sugars (15 or less)
Poly: many sugars

Question 4

Size of carbohydrates

Answer 4

the number of carbons in the sugar

ex. 3-triose; 5-pentose

Question 5

Functional Group of carbohydrates

Answer 5

most commonly used

ex. aldose & ketose

Question 6

aldose

Answer 6

sugar with aldehyde (always have -OH group)

usually at one end

Question 7

ketose

Answer 7

sugar with ketone C=O

usually at C2

Question 8

D vs. L

Answer 8

How a molecule with more than 1 chiral carbon polarizes light
stereoisomers
D: right
L: left

Question 9

D-glucose vs L- glucose

Answer 9

D-glucose: OH furthest from C=O is on the right side

L-glucose: OH furthest from C=O is on the left side

Question 10

During the cyclization of glucose what gets attacked?

Answer 10

-O of C5 attacks C1

Question 11

alpha corresponds to________

Answer 11

down & axial (C1)

Question 12

beta corresponds to________

Answer 12

up & equatorial (C1)

Question 13

anomers

Answer 13

2 molecules that differ in 1 chiral center;refers to alpha and beta

Question 14

cyclization of glucose refers to

Answer 14

the synthesis of hemiacetal

Question 15

hemiacetal

Answer 15

C-O-C-O-H

Question 16

glucose ring type

Answer 16

pyran
pyranose sugar
5C & 1O

Question 17

During the cyclization of fructose what gets attacked?

Answer 17

-O of C5 attacks C2

Question 18

fructose ring type

Answer 18

furan
furanose sugar
ketose sugar
4C & 1O

Question 19

Other types of sugars (2)

Answer 19

sugar alcohol

amino sugar

Question 20

sugar alcohol

Answer 20

sugar without ketone or aldehyde

Question 21

glycosidic bond/linkage

Answer 21

bond between sugar & something else

Question 22

O-glycosidic bond

Answer 22

sugar + something else linked by O atom

Question 23

N-glycosidic bond

Answer 23

sugar + something else linked by N atom

Question 24

How can glucose molecules be linked together?

Answer 24

dehydration synthesis (make)
hydrolysis synthesis (break)

Question 25

alpha 1,4 linkage is ______

Answer 25

down

Question 26

beta 1,4 linkage is ______

Answer 26

up