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Reproduction > Lecture 1 Reproductive Physiology – Basics, Male & Female > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Reproductive Physiology – Basics, Male & Female Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium covers the surface of the ovary

A

Cuboidal Epithelium

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2
Q

Name the 2 parts of the ovary

A

Cortex and Medulla

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3
Q

What does the cortex of the ovary contain?

A

Ovarian follicles (one oocyte surrounded by single layer of cells)

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4
Q

What does the medulla of the ovary contain?

A

Connective tissue with blood vessels

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5
Q

What are the function of the ovaries

A

Oocyte production

Steroid hormone production- oestrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone

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6
Q

Why do cells arrested in the first meiotic division before birth

A

Mature egg should only contain 23 chromosomes so that it is capable of fertilising with sperm that have other 23 = diploid (46 chromosome)

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7
Q

What cells go on to become Graafian follicle

A

Dominant follicles

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8
Q

When is the primary follicle activated

A

Puberty

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9
Q

What are primordial follicles

A

Primary oocyte arrested in first meiotic division surrounded by one later of squamous pre granulose cells

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10
Q

What are primary follicles

A

Oocyte surrounded by zona and cuboidal granulosa

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11
Q

What are secondary follicles

A

Increased oocyte diameter and multiple layer of granulose cells, resumption of first meiotic division

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12
Q

What are tertiary/Graffian follicle

A

Follicular fluid between the cells with coalesce to form antrum, completion
Complete of first meiotic division to form secondary oocyte and start of second

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13
Q

Why is the polar body removed from the follicle

A

So that the resulting egg only has 1 set of chromosome

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14
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus release

A

GnRH

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15
Q

What structure does GnRH act on

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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16
Q

What 2 hormones does the anterior pituitary gland release

A

FSH

LH

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17
Q

What is the role of FSH

A

Enters ovaries and stimulates ovas into follicles

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18
Q

What doe follicles produce and what is the effect

A

Low levels of oestrogen which inhibit GnRH

Causes endometrial arteries to constrict leading to menstruation

19
Q

What occurs during the follicular phase

A

Egg maturation

20
Q

During ovulation what hormone is elevated by the effect of LH and FSH on the follicles

A

Oestogen
Increase in GnRH
Increase in LH and FSH

21
Q

Name another consequence of increased oestrogen besides ovulation

A

Thickening of endometrium

22
Q

What is the Luteal Phase

A

Where LH stimulates the growth of corpus lute of follicular tissue left behind after ovulation

23
Q

What hormones does the Corpus luteum release and what are the effects

A

Oestrogen and Progesterone that blocks the release of GnRH and LH and FSH. Endometrium further develops

24
Q

What does a corpus lute develop into if there is no pregnancy

A

Corpus albicans

25
Q

Name 2 causes of Amenorrhoea

A

Problems with regulating hormones
Problems with ovarian function
Problem with uterus or outflow tract

26
Q

What organ produces sperm

A

Testicles

27
Q

Where do the testicles lie

A

In the scrotum

28
Q

Posterior to the testes sits the ____

A

Epididymis

29
Q

Sperm and semen travel through the____

A

Urethra

30
Q

What 2 organs create semen

A

Seminal vesicle and Prostate and travels through vas deferent to testis

31
Q

What are the Seminiferous tubules

A

Site of sperm production

32
Q

In the context of male reproductive hormones FSH stimulates what cells in the testes and what is the result

A

Sertoli cells- sperm production

Release inhibit which inhibit LH and FSH when sperm count is high enough

33
Q

In the context of male reproductive hormones LSH stimulates what cells in the testes and what is the results

A

Leydig Cells
Produce testosterone
Inhibit GnRG=H and FSH and LH

34
Q

What is the average cycle of spermatogenesis

A

64 days

35
Q

What are the 2 distinct phases of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatocytogenesis

Spermiogenesis

36
Q

What is spermatocytogenesis

A

Clinical expansion and maturation through mitotic and meiotic process

37
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Diiferentiation into mature sperm cells

38
Q

What are spermatids

A

Functional sperm cells not capable of fertilisation

39
Q

Describe the development of spermatogonium to a Sperm cell

A

Mitosis
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
Spermatogenesis

40
Q

What prestesticular factors affect spermatogenesis

A 
Hormonal control
Excessive weight loss/gain
Intracranial tumours, cysts, bleed
Prolactinoma
Medications- opiates, steroids 
Genetic- Kallmanns syndrome
41
Q

Name Testicular problems affecting spermatogenesis

A 
Surgery
STI
Mumps orchitis
Testicular trauma
Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy
Klinefelter's
42
Q

Name lifestyle factors that affect spermatogenesis from the mother’s side

A

Smoking
Traffic/diesel exhaust
Obesity

43
Q

Name lifestyle factors that affect spermatogenesis from the Father’s side

A

Traffic/diesel exhaust
Occupational and environmental chemical exposures
Sedentary positions (heat exposure)
Reduced testosterone, increased estradiol
Obesity
Smoking

Reproduction (29 decks)

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