Lecture 1&2 neoplasia, patho, chemo Flashcards
neoplasm
new growth malignant or benign
tumor
lump or swelling
cancer
malignant neoplasm
hyperplasia
increase in the number of cells
metaplasia
adaptive substitution of one type of tissue for another
dysplasia
abnormal cell proliferation with loss of normal architecture
anaplasia
loss of structural differentiation. cells dedifferentiate
carcinoma
malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelial cell origin
adenocarcinoma
malignant neoplasm derived from glandular tissue
sarcoma
malignant neoplasm w/ origin in mesenchymal tissue (bone, muscle, fat)
lymphoma & leukemia
malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic tissue (blood)
melanoma
pigment producing cells in skin or eye
blastoma
malignancies in precursor cells
teratoma
germ cell neoplasm made of several different differentiated cell/tissue types
what are 4 ways to stage cancer
numerical
TNM
SEER
grading
what is numerical staging based off
tumor size, location, and # of cells. Only solid tumors
what are the different stages in numerical and their meanings
0: In situ (no signs of invasion)
I: microscopic invasion of surrounding tissue
II: 4-9 surrounding lymph nodes involved
III: 10 or more surrounding lymph nodes
IV: distant metastases are detected
what does TNM stand for
primary tumor
lymph nodes
distant metastasis
primary tumor (T) staging
Tx: cant evaluate
T0: no evidence of primary tumor
Tis: in situ
T1-4: size or extent of invasion of primary tumor
Lymph nodes (N) staging
Nx: can’t evaluate
N0: no regional node
N1-3: degree of lymph involvement
Distant Metastasis (M) staging
Mx: can’t evaluate
M0: no distant metastasis
M1: distant metastasis
what is SEER staging
less detailed w/ 5 categories
what are the SEER stages
in situ
localized
regional
distant
unknown
what is tumor grading
description of tumor differentiation
what are the different tumor grades
Gx: cant evaluate
G1: well differentiated (low grade)
G2: moderately
G3: poorly differentiated (high grade)
G4: undifferentiated (high grade)