Lecture 1&2 neoplasia, patho, chemo

Question 1

neoplasm

Answer 1

new growth malignant or benign

Question 2

tumor

Answer 2

lump or swelling

Question 3

cancer

Answer 3

malignant neoplasm

Question 4

hyperplasia

Answer 4

increase in the number of cells

Question 5

metaplasia

Answer 5

adaptive substitution of one type of tissue for another

Question 6

dysplasia

Answer 6

abnormal cell proliferation w/ loss of normal architecture

Question 7

anaplasia

Answer 7

loss of structural differentiation. cells dedifferentiate

Question 8

carcinoma

Answer 8

malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelial cell origin

Question 9

adenocarcinoma

Answer 9

malignant neoplasm derived from glandular tissue

Question 10

sarcoma

Answer 10

malignant neoplasm w/ origin in mesenchymal tissue (bone, muscle, fat)

Question 11

lymphoma & leukemia

Answer 11

malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic tissue (blood)

Question 12

melanoma

Answer 12

cancer of pigment producing cells in skin or eye

Question 13

blastoma

Answer 13

malignancies in precursor cells (more common in children)

Question 14

teratoma

Answer 14

germ cell neoplasm made of several different differentiated cell/tissue types

Question 15

what are 4 ways to stage cancer

Answer 15

numerical
TNM
SEER
grading

Question 16

what is numerical staging based off

Answer 16

tumor size, location, and # of cells. Only solid tumors

Question 17

what are the different stages in numerical and their meanings

Answer 17

0: In situ (no signs of invasion)
I: microscopic invasion of surrounding tissue
II: 4-9 surrounding lymph nodes involved
III: 10 or more surrounding lymph nodes
IV: distant metastases are detected

Question 18

what does TNM stand for

Answer 18

primary tumor
lymph nodes
distant metastasis

Question 19

primary tumor (T) staging

Answer 19

Tx: cant evaluate
T0: no evidence of primary tumor
Tis: in situ
T1-4: size or extent of invasion of primary tumor

Question 20

Lymph nodes (N) staging

Answer 20

Nx: can’t evaluate
N0: no regional node
N1-3: degree of lymph involvement

Question 21

Distant Metastasis (M) staging

Answer 21

Mx: can’t evaluate
M0: no distant metastasis
M1: distant metastasis

Question 22

what is SEER staging

Answer 22

less detailed w/ 5 categories

Question 23

what are the SEER stages

Answer 23

in situ
localized
regional
distant
unknown

Question 24

what is tumor grading

Answer 24

description of tumor differentiation

Question 25

what are the different tumor grades

Answer 25

Gx: cant evaluate
G1: well differentiated (low grade)
G2: moderately
G3: poorly differentiated (high grade)
G4: undifferentiated (high grade)