Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LECOM histology > lect 9- respiratory system > Flashcards

lect 9- respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what type of epithelium is in the nasal cavity vestibule

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is another name for nose hairs

A

vibrissae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the epithelium switch to at the end of the vestibule

A

respiratory epithelium (pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe goblet cells

A

secrete mucous, extends basement membrane to lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe basal cells

A

short rounded cells that sit on basement membrane, undergoes mitosis to give rise to other cell types when necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what type of cells are basal cells

A

stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe brush cells

A

extend from the basement membrane to lumen, have small microvilli which likely serve as sensory receptors as afferent nerve fibers can be found on their basal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe granule cells

A

sit on basement membrane, contain numerous dense granules, possibly part of the neuroendocrine system, regulating serous and mucous production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the changed of epithelium throughout the respiratory

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium to squamous epithelium in alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why are ciliated cells so important

A

critical for host defense of respiratory system (via much-ciliary elevator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do people with kartagener syndrome suffer from

A

lack of dynein protein (results in defective non-motile cilia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe olfactory receptor cells

A

bipolar neurons spans thickness of epithelium and enters CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe supporting cells

A

tall columnar cells that act as providing support to ORCs (similar role to glial cells in nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe basal cells

A

stem cells to give rise to new ORCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe Bowman’s (olfactory) glands

A

branched tubuloalveolar serous glands, releases secretion on to olfactory surface to clean ORCs and dissolve odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of epithelium are paranasal sinuses lined with

A

respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what acts as the resonating chamber for phonation

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the main role of the Eustachian tube

A

helps stabilize the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the organ of speech

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does the epiglottic larynx do

A

prevents food from entering trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the arytenoid involved in

A

involved with vocal cord movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the anatomical landmark of the adam’s apple

A

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is the vestibule of the larynx located

A

it is the area superior to the vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what type of epithelium is in the false vocal cords/ ventricular fold

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what type of epithelium is in the true vocal cords

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

describe the mucosa layer of the trachea

A

respiratory epithelium, elastic fiber-rich lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

describe the submucosa of the trachea

A

composed of slightly denser connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what type of cartilage is in the cartilaginous layer of the trachea

A

hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

describe the adventitia of the trachea

A

connective tissue that binds trachea to surrounding structures

30
Q

how many secondary bronchi are on each side

A

right has 3; left as 2

31
Q

how many segmental bronchi are on each side

A

right has 10; left has 8

32
Q

describe the mucosa layer of the bronchi

A

respiratory epithelium

33
Q

describe the muscularis layer of the bronchi

A

circumferential layer of smooth muscle

34
Q

describe the submucosa layer of the bronchi

A

loos connective tissue, glands present in large bronchi

35
Q

describe the cartilage layer of the bronchi

A

cartilage plates

36
Q

describe the adventitia layer of the bronchi

A

dense connective tissue that is continuous with pulmonary artery and lung parenchyma

37
Q

what is the smallest functional unit of the pulmonary ststem

A

bronchioles off the segmental bronchi

38
Q

what marks the end of the conduction portion of the respiratory system

A

bronchioles

39
Q

describe the large terminal bronchioles

A

lined with ciliated pseudo stratified or simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells may be present

40
Q

describe the small terminal bronchioles

A

lined with simple cuboidal epithelium cells, and NO goblet cells are present (Clara cells are present instead)

41
Q

where are clara cells located

A

in the small terminal bronchioles

42
Q

what do clara cells secrete

A

lipoprotein that prevents luminal adhesion should airway collapse during expiration

43
Q

what can secrete clara cells

A

P450

44
Q

what are respiratory bronchioles involved in

A

both air conduction and gas exchange

45
Q

what type of epithelium are respiratory bronchioles lined with

A

cuboidal epithelium

46
Q

what is the primary site for gas exchange

A

alveoli

47
Q

describe shape and diameter of alveoli

A

it is a polyhedral and is rough 200µm

48
Q

what is the surface area of alveoli

A

75 meters squared

49
Q

what is the average amount of alveoli found in each human lung

A

150-250 million alveoli

50
Q

what serve as neuroreceptors for monitoring air quality in alveoli

A

brush cells

51
Q

describe type 1 alveolar cells

A

extremely thin squamous cells, and line 95% of surface alveoli (air exchange can occur here)

52
Q

describe type 2 alveolar cells

A

line 5% of alveolar surface, tend to bulge in airspace. produce and secrete surfactant and serve as progenitors cells for type 1 alveolar cells

53
Q

what are macrophages in the alveoli

A

dust cells

54
Q

what are openings in the inter alveolar septa, allowing circulation of air from one alveoli to another

A

pores kohn

55
Q

what is the communication between terminal bronchioles and alveoli

A

canals of lambert

56
Q

what is the most critical phospholipid in surfactant

A

DPPC

57
Q

describe surfactant protein A

A

most abundant, responsible for surfactant homeostasis, modulate immune response to fungi, bacteria or virsues

58
Q

describe surfactant protein B

A

critical for absorption and spreading of surfactant

59
Q

describe surfactant protein C

A

smallest component, maintains thin fin later in alveoli

60
Q

describe surfactant protein D

A

primarily involved in host defense, binding various microorganisms

61
Q

what surfactant protein modulates allergic reaction to inhale particles

A

surfactant A and D

62
Q

what is the main problem with obstructive lung disease

A

expiration

63
Q

what is the main problem with restrictive lung disease

A

inspiration

64
Q

what is the characteristic color for chronic bronchitis

A

blue

65
Q

what is the characteristic color of emphysema

A

pink

66
Q

does CO2 increase or decrease in emphysema

A

decrease

67
Q

does CO2 increase or decrease in chronic bronchitis

A

increase

68
Q

what does pneumonia primarily affect

A

pneumonia

69
Q

what is cystic fibrosis’ genetic disorder caused by

A

mutation of CFTR

70
Q

what does cystic fibrosis result in (abnormality)

A

abnormal Cl- transporter

LECOM histology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions