lect 3- Connective Tissue Flashcards
what are the types of embryonic CT
mesoderm, mesenchyme, mucous CT (wharton’s CT)
describe the potency of embryonic CT : mesenchyme
totipotent
what cells are located in embryonic Mucous CT
fibroblasts and a few mesenchymal cells
what is the major content of embryonic CT
mucopolysaccharides
where is loose (areolar) CT primarily found
epithelium (site of inflammatory and immune reactions)
define lamina propria (CT)
LCT of mucous membranes
where is dense regular CT found
tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments
what is the name for a fibroblasts that is in a tendon
tendinocyte
what are the resident cells of the CT
fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells
what are the transient cells of the CT
lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, plasma cells
what is the origin for eosinophils, mast cells and basophils
CD34+
what immunoglobulin is the surface of mast cells covered in
IgE
what do mast cells release
histamine, heparin, serine, proteases, leukotrienes
what classes of molecules is the ECM composed of
proteoglycans, GAGs, multiadhesive glycoproteins (laminin, fibronectin)
what are the 3 types of fibers of ECM
collagen fibers, reticular fibers, elastic fibers
what is the must abundant fiber in our body
collagen fibers
describe type 1 collagen
skin, bone, tendons and ligaments (resistance to force, tension and stretch)
describe type 2 collagen
cartilage (hyaline and elastic) (resistance to intermittent pressure)
describe type 3 collagen
loose CT, forms reticular fibers (supportive scaffolding)
describe type 4 collagen
basal laminae of epithelia (support and filtration)
what is it called when one type of cell because a mature type of another cell
metaplasia
what is it called when a mature cell of one type becomes an immature cell of another type
dyeplasia
what is osteogenesis imperfecta type one a defect in
defect in type 1 collagen with normal quality but abnormal quality
what are the symptoms of type 1 osteogenesis imperfecta
abnormal teeth, blue sclera, brittle bones, progressive hearing loss, repeated fractures, thin skin, weak tendons
what is osteogenesis imperfect type 2 a defect in
defect in type 1 collagen with abnormal quality and quantity
what are the symptoms of osteogenesis imperfect type 2
severe bone deformities, respiratory complications, intracerebral hemorrhage, 1 year max life span
describe kniest dysplasia
defect in type 2 collagen (short stature, ocular changes, wide metaphyses)
describe stickler’s syndrome
defect in type XI collagen with additional mutation in type 2collagen Gene (craniofacial deformities, retinal detachment, hearing loss)
describe ehlers-danlos syndrome
defect in type 3 collagen (hyper flexibility of joints, hyper extensibility of skin, vascular and organ rupture)
describe alports syndrome
type 4 collagen pathology (hematuria, progressive hearing loss, ocular lesions)
describe thin basement membrane disease
basement membrane less than 260nm in thickness, looks like alports syndrome, quality is normal but quantity is not
describe good pasture syndrome
there are auto-antibodies against type 4 collagen, similar to problems with alports, there with be inflammation
what type of collagen are reticular fibers composed of
type 3 collagen
what stainings are used for reticular fibers
eosin, PAS, silver salts
what is involved in the formation of reticular fibers
fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and Schwann cells
what staining is used for elastic fibers
eosin, orcein, resorcin-fuchsin
what are elastic fibers produced by
fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
what are the 2 components of elastic fibers
elastin (central core) and fibrillin microfibrils
what does fibrillin-1 do
FBN1 gene that organizes elastin into fibers and plays role in Marfan’s syndrome
describe Marfan’s syndrome
mutation of fibrillin gene with a high risk for aortic rupture (tall and thin, long arms/legs, arachnodactyly, chest deformity)
what endocrine’s function decreases with obesity
adiponectin
