lect 13- urinary system

Question 1

how much of the total cardiac output does the kidney receive

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

where does hydroxylation and activation of vitamin D for blood calcium homeostasis occur

Answer 2

kidneys

Question 3

describe the outer layer of the capsule

Answer 3

dense connective tissue, fibroblasts, and collagen

Question 4

describe the inner layer of the capsule

Answer 4

loose connective tissue, myofibroblasts

Question 5

what is the dark color of medullary rays due to

Answer 5

collecting ducts

Question 6

what is the light color of medullary rays due to

Answer 6

glomeruli

Question 7

what is the area between medullar rays known as

Answer 7

cortical labyrinths

Question 8

what marks the beginning of the nephron

Answer 8

renal corpuscle

Question 9

what is the GBM largely composed of

Answer 9

collagen (type 4), proteoglycans, multi adhesive glycoproteins

Question 10

what prevents the filter of the GBM from clogging

Answer 10

negative charges and phagocytic functions of mesangial cells

Question 11

what does the macula dense monitor

Answer 11

Na+ concentration of tubular fluid

Question 12

what type of epithelium is in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 12

cuboidal

Question 13

where is 85% of filtrate reabsorbed in the nephron

Answer 13

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 14

what is the TDL highly permeable to

Answer 14

water

Question 15

what is the TAL highly permeable to

Answer 15

NaCl

Question 16

what does the distal straight tubule reabsorb due to some K+ leaking

Answer 16

calcium and magnesium

Question 17

what do the light cells of the collecting ducts contain

Answer 17

contain ADH regulated AQP-2 water channels

Question 18

what cells are involved with H+ secretion of the dark cells of the collecting duct

Answer 18

alpha-intercalated cells

Question 19

what cells are involved with HCO3- secretion of the dark cells of the collecting ducts

Answer 19

beta-intercalated cells

Question 20

how does urine leave the collecting tubules

Answer 20

via area cribosa

Question 21

what type of epithelium is in the ureters

Answer 21

urothelium

Question 22

what epithelium lines the prostatic urethra

Answer 22

urothelium

Question 23

what type of epithelium lines the membranous urethra

Answer 23

pseudo stratified columnar

Question 24

what type of epithelium lines the penile urethra

Answer 24

pseudo stratified columnar

Question 25

what type of epithelium lines the tip of the penile part of the penile urethra

Answer 25

squamous epithelium