lect 5- cartilage and bone

Question 1

what are the key features of cartilage tissue

Answer 1

capsule of lacunae, isogenous groups, territorial matrix, and inter territorial matrix

Question 2

what type of cells are in the isogenous groups of cartilage tissue

Answer 2

daughter cells

Question 3

what is the dark portion of cartilage tissue

Answer 3

territorial matrix

Question 4

what is the light portion of the cartilage tissue

Answer 4

interterritorial matrix

Question 5

what transcription factor is important for the birth of a chondrocyte

Answer 5

sox9

Question 6

what is the major component of the cartilage matrix

Answer 6

intercellular water

Question 7

what is the main collagen type in the cartilage matrix

Answer 7

collagen 2

Question 8

what is the boundary of cartilage

Answer 8

perichondrium

Question 9

what type of collagen fibers are in hyaline cartilage

Answer 9

type 2 collagen fibers

Question 10

what type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium

Answer 10

fibrocartilage

Question 11

what type of collagen does fibrocartilage have

Answer 11

type 1 collagen

Question 12

what is the function of hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

cushioning, low friction surface, structural support, foundation for bone development

Question 13

what is the function of elastic cartilage

Answer 13

flexible support

Question 14

what is the function of fibrocartilage

Answer 14

resistance to deformation

Question 15

what type of cartilage does not have calcification

Answer 15

elastic

Question 16

what is the name for the end of long bone

Answer 16

epiphyses

Question 17

what is the growing zone of bone

Answer 17

metaphyses

Question 18

what is the shaft of bone

Answer 18

diaphysis

Question 19

how does nutrients get from one lacunae to the other

Answer 19

via canaliculi

Question 20

where are osteoprogenitor cells found

Answer 20

inner layer of periosteum, endosteum, line the haversian and volkmann’s canals

Question 21

what formation do osteoprogenitor cells participate in

Answer 21

appositional bone formation

Question 22

what do osteoblasts secrete in order to form osteoid

Answer 22

collagen and ground substance

Question 23

what initiates the calcification process

Answer 23

osteoblasts

Question 24

define osteocyte

Answer 24

mature bone cell, completely surrounded by bone matrix (maintains the matrix)

Question 25

what is a large multinucleate acidophilic cells responsible for bone resorption

Answer 25

osteoclasts

Question 26

what increases osteoclast activity

Answer 26

PTH

Question 27

what decreases osteoclasts activity

Answer 27

calcitonin

Question 28

what type of growth is needed in order to increase diameter of bone

Answer 28

appositional growth

Question 29

what cells continually remodel bone

Answer 29

osteoclasts

Question 30

what hormone is used for protection of bone

Answer 30

estrogen

Question 31

what is achondroplasia due to a mutation in

Answer 31

FGFR3

Question 32

what can vitamin A excess lead to

Answer 32

brittle bones

Question 33

what does vitamin A deficiency result in

Answer 33

suppressed endochondral growth

Question 34

what can vitamin C abnormalities lead to

Answer 34

collagen problems leading to scurvy

Question 35

where do osteosarcomas typically arise

Answer 35

metaphysical region of long bone

Question 36

what is the common symbol for osteosarcomas in radiographs

Answer 36

Corman’s triangle