lect 14- endocrine system

Question 1

how is the pituitary gland attached to the brain (hypothalamus)

Answer 1

by a stalk known as the infundibulum

Question 2

what does the anterior pituitary form from

Answer 2

ectoderm of oropharynx

Question 3

what does the posterior pituitary form from

Answer 3

neuroectoderm of the floor of the 3rd ventricle

Question 4

what part of the pituitary contains the hypothalamohypophyseal tracts

Answer 4

infundibulum

Question 5

what color do basophils and acidophils of the anterior pituitary stain

Answer 5

acidophils are pink; basophils are purple

Question 6

what cell types are acidophils

Answer 6

lactotropes and somatotropes

Question 7

what do somatotropes release

Answer 7

Growth hormone

Question 8

what is the histologically most identifiable aspect of the anterior pituitary

Answer 8

colloid filled follicles

Question 9

what are basically the astrocytes of the posterior pituitary

Answer 9

pituicyte

Question 10

what is the role of somatostatin

Answer 10

inhibits secretion of growth hormone by somatotropes and insulin by beta cells

Question 11

what does dopamine inhibit

Answer 11

secretion of prolactin

Question 12

what is the most histologically identifiable attribute of the pineal gland

Answer 12

brain sand

Question 13

what is the functional unit of the thyroid

Answer 13

thyroid follicle

Question 14

when do the endodermal cells begin to differentiate into follicular cells

Answer 14

9th week

Question 15

what produce thyroxine and triidothyronine

Answer 15

follicular cells

Question 16

what produce calcitonin

Answer 16

parafollicular/C cells

Question 17

what does the inferior parathyroid glands develop from

Answer 17

3rd branchial pouch

Question 18

what does the superior parathyroid gland develop from

Answer 18

4th branchial pouch

Question 19

what secretes PTH

Answer 19

principle/chief cells

Question 20

what is the steroid secreting portion of the adrenal gland

Answer 20

cortex

Question 21

what is the catecholamine secreting portion of the adrenal gland

Answer 21

medulla

Question 22

what do the cortical cells of the adrenal gland arise from

Answer 22

mesodermal mesenchyme

Question 23

what do the medullar cells of the adrenal gland arise from

Answer 23

neural crest cells

Question 24

what do the large vesicles of the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 24

norepinephrine

Question 25

what do the small vesicles of the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 25

epinephrine

Question 26

what does the zona glomerulosa secrete

Answer 26

mineralocorticoids

Question 27

what does the zona fasciculata secrete

Answer 27

glucocorticoids

Question 28

what does the zona reticularis secrete

Answer 28

androgens (DHEA)

Question 29

what is the source of the catecholamine secretions of the adrenal gland

Answer 29

chromatin cells