lect 11- GI system

Question 1

describe the lamina propria of the mucosa

Answer 1

layer of loose CT that houses glands, blood vessels, immune cells

Question 2

what type of muscle is in the muscularis mucosa of the mucosa layer

Answer 2

smooth muscle involved in contraction of mucosa

Question 3

describe submucosa

Answer 3

layer of dense irregular CT; houses mucus glands in the esophagus and duodenum; blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerve plexi are found in the submucosa

Question 4

what is the enteric plexus that controls secretion in the mucosa and submucosa

Answer 4

meissner’s (submucosal) plexus

Question 5

what controls the contraction of the muscularis mucosa

Answer 5

meissner’s plexus

Question 6

what is the enteric plexus that controls the churning and peristaltic action of the external muscle layer (located between 2 muscle layers)

Answer 6

auerbachs/myenteric plexus

Question 7

where does the initial digestion of proteins and lipids occur

Answer 7

cardiac, fund, and pyloric stomach

Question 8

where does terminal digestion of proteins, lipids and carbs occur as well as digestion of RNA/DNA

Answer 8

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 9

where does absorption of products of digestion into blood vessels or lacteals occur

Answer 9

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 10

where does absorption of water and production of dry fecal mass occur

Answer 10

colon/rectum

Question 11

what is the main gland that secretes amylase

Answer 11

parotid salivary gland

Question 12

what mainly secretes the lipase in the oral cavity

Answer 12

Von Ebners gland

Question 13

describe the epithelium of the esophagus

Answer 13

non-keratinized stratified squamous

Question 14

what provides lubrication of the esophagus

Answer 14

scattered submucosal mucous glands

Question 15

what is the viscous pass that the stomach transforms food bolus into

Answer 15

chyme

Question 16

what is the function of stomach

Answer 16

digestion of carbs, proteins and lipids

Question 17

where are the mucous neck cells found

Answer 17

in the neck region of the fundic gland

Question 18

what do parietal cells secrete

Answer 18

intrinsic factor

Question 19

what does intrinsic factor do

Answer 19

binds vitamin B12

Question 20

where is the B12/intrinsic factor complex absorbed

Answer 20

in the ileum

Question 21

what is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 21

lack of intrinsic factor

Question 22

what does a deficiency of intrinsic factor lead to

Answer 22

pernicious anemia

Question 23

what are the key features of duodenum

Answer 23

villi, brunners glands, goblet cells

Question 24

whats the diagnostic feature for the duodenum

Answer 24

Brunner’s glands

Question 25

what is the diagnostic feature for jejunum

Answer 25

large plicae circularis

Question 26

what is diagnostic feature for ileum

Answer 26

payer's patches

Question 27

what are transverse folds with a core of submocusa

Answer 27

plicae circularis

Question 28

what are projections with core of lamina propria

Answer 28

villi

Question 29

what are the cell surface projections with core of action filament

Answer 29

microvilli

Question 30

what is the main purpose for plicae circulares, villi and microvilli

Answer 30

increase surface area

Question 31

what are specialized cells located in the epithelium that covers lymphatic nodules in the lamina propria

Answer 31

M cells

Question 32

what is the primary function of paneth cells

Answer 32

maintain mucosal innate immunity by secreting antimicrobial substances

Question 33

what are columnar epithelial cells that produce disaccharides, are involved in absorption, and have an enzyme on the apical brush border that is important for carb digestion (produce enteropeptidase)

Answer 33

enterocytes

Question 34

what are Brunner's glands responsible for producing

Answer 34

formation of bicarbonate and mucous

Question 35

what is the action and site of secretion of gastrin

Answer 35

secreted by stomach; gastric acid secretion

Question 36

what is the site of secretion and action of ghrelin

Answer 36

secreted by stomach; stimulates appetite and inhibits lipid metabolism

Question 37

what is the site of secretion and action of gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Answer 37

secreted by small intestine; inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates insulin release

Question 38

what is the site of secretion and action of CCK

Answer 38

secreted by small intestine; stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, bicarbonate release and contraction of gallbladder

Question 39

what is the site of secretion and action of secretin

Answer 39

secreted by duodenum; increase bicarbonate and water secretion from pancreas; inhibits gastric acid secretion

Question 40

what enhances the release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells and stimulates bicarbonate secretion by pancreas

Answer 40

secretin

Question 41

what is the site of secretion and action of motilin

Answer 41

secreted by small intestine; increase gastric and intestinal motility

Question 42

what is the site of secretion and action of pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 42

secreted by pancreas; opposes CCK (relaxes gall bladder and inhibits pancreatic secretions)

Question 43

what is the site of secretion and action of somatostatin

Answer 43

secreted by GI tract; inhibits release of GI hormones

Question 44

what do cells of intercalated ducts secrete

Answer 44

bicarbonate and water

Question 45

where is trypsinogen converted to trypsin and by what

Answer 45

enterokinase in the duodenum

Question 46

what is a complex fluid containing electrolytes and organic molecules including bile acids, cholesterol and bilirubin

Answer 46

bile

Question 47

what are the 2 main functions of bile

Answer 47

emulsify fats and solubilize them; excretion of cholesterol and bilirubin in feces

Question 48

where does Crohn's disease typically occur

Answer 48

ileum

Question 49

where does ulcerative colitis occur

Answer 49

colon./rectum

Question 50

what are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Answer 50

abdominal pain, anemia, bloody stool, fever, fatigue

Question 51

what is the treatment for ulcerative colitis

Answer 51

corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates