Lec.3 COMPARATIVE REPRODUCTION

Question 1

In the female, ____ is marked by the onset of regular cyclic activity in the ovary affecting behavior and the entire genital system.

This is also known as the estrous cycle in domestic animals.

is often manifested by the occurrence of the first period of estrus or heat (sexual receptivity).

Answer 1

puberty

Question 2

ability to produce offspring

Answer 2

fecundity

Question 3

*puberty and estrous cycle

cattle -
horse -
swine -
sheep -
goat -
dog -
cat -

Answer 3

cattle - 8-18 mos.

horse - 10-24 mos.

swine - 6-8 mos.

sheep - 6-15 mos.

goat - 4-8 mos.

dog - 6-20 mos.

cat - 5-12 mos.

Question 4

Here, the main hormone produced by the ovary is estrogen.

This is the period where the animal is sexually attractive to males, but is not ready to accept copula.

Usually, animals show serosanguineous vulvar discharge.

Answer 4

proestrus stage.

Question 5

The main hormone produced by the ovary is still estrogen.

This is the period where the animal is sexually attractive to males, and is ready to accept copula.

Here, almost all cells in the vagina are cornified.

Answer 5

estrus stage.

Question 6

The main hormone produced by the ovary is now progesterone.

This is the period where the animal is no longer accepts the male.

Here, the corpus luteum begins to develop (which is needed for pregnancy).

Answer 6

metestrus stage.

Question 7

If fertilization occurred, the body will continue to release ____ up until before parturition.

If fertilization did not occur, the animal will stop releasing ____ and the reproductive tract will continue the cycle again.

Answer 7

progesterone

Question 8

The main hormone produced by the ovary is still progesterone.

This is the period where the animal still no longer accepts the male.

Here, the corpus luteum is fully developed and prepares the body for pregnancy.

Answer 8

diestrus stage.

Question 9

This occurs after the estrus or after giving birth.

The quiescent stage.

Here, the uterus must undergo a process called involution.

The uterus goes back to its pre- pregnant state.

Answer 9

anestrus stage.

Question 10

Some animals are ____, meaning their cycles are mostly influenced by the amount and timing of light.

If the light requirements needed by the body are not met (to trigger hormones for heat) then the animal will go into anestrus.

Answer 10

seasonal polycyclic

Question 11

Some animals are ____, meaning they experience recurring cyclic activity throughout the year.

This period is interrupted only by pregnancy, lactation or pathological conditions.

Answer 11

non-seasonal polycyclic

Question 12

Some animals are ____, they experience long periods of anestrus between single periods of estrus.

Normally, one or two estrous periods are seen per year separated by longer anestrous periods with no obvious seasonality.

Answer 12

monocyclic