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V.ANAT 123 > Development of Sense Organs / Establishment of Structures in the Head and Neck Region > Flashcards

Development of Sense Organs / Establishment of Structures in the Head and Neck Region Flashcards

1
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EYE

Median area near the rostral margin of the future prosencephalon (neural tube) at the level of the diencephalon is called the ____

A

optic field

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2
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EYE

  • Interaction of this area to the underlying mesoderm of the head causes the single optic field to separate into two lateral eye forming regions

Failure to separate completely results to a condition called ____, single eye formed at the center of the head

A

cyclopia

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3
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EYE

When the rostral end of the neural tube closed, the prosencephalon expands laterally, the optic field divide to form the ____ which retains its attachment to the
prosencephalon of thru the ____

A

optic vesicles

optic stalk

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4
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EYE

Lens placode which subsequently invaginate to form the ____ then break away from the surface ectoderm

A

lens vesicles

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5
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EYE

While the lens vesicle is being formed, optic vesicle invaginate to form a double layered ____

A

optic cup

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6
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EYE

Outer layer forms the ____ while the inner layer becomes the ____ which is the light receptor area

A

pigmented retina

nervous retina

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7
Q

failure of the optic vesicle to form or interference with the normal growth of the optic cup; often result from deficiency of vitamin A in dogs, pigs, and cows; hereditary or acquired.

A

Anopthalmia/ micropthalmia-

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8
Q

medial/ lateral deviation of of the eyeball

A

Medial/ Lateral strabismus-

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9
Q

defect in the growth of the optic cup which is usually seen in the retina and choroid as a focal dysplasia

A

Collie eye-

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10
Q

loss in the clarity of the lens which maybe hereditary in dogs; appear occasionally in cattle, rarely in horses and cats

A

Cataract-

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11
Q
  • The adult ear has three parts:
A
  • External ear
  • Middle ear
  • Inner/ internal
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12
Q

composed of the pinna, external auditory meatus and outer layer of the tympanic membrane- sound waves collection

A

External ear

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13
Q

composed of the ear ossicles and inner layer of the tympanic membrane used for the conduction of sound waves

A

Middle ear

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14
Q

composed of the bony and membranous labyrinth which function for equilibrium

A

Inner/ internal ear

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15
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAR

  • Of all the three parts of the ear, the ____ is the first to develop
  • At the level of the myelencephalon ectoderm, a localized thickening on either side appear called the ____
A

internal ear

otic placode

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16
Q

*ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAR

  • Which then invaginate in the underlying mesoderm as otic pit then become _____
A

otic vesicle

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17
Q
  • Develops after the formation and growth of the cochlear duct
  • The inner and outer hair cells then differentiate into their appropriate positions and are followed by the organization of the supporting cells
  • It is located in between the scala tynpani and the scala media
A

ORGAN OF CORTI

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18
Q

*Organ of Corti

  • At ____, the utricle forms a flattened outpocketings
  • The central portions appose and then disappear and forms the ____
  • One end widens and become the ampulla
  • During the formation of the otic vesicle, a small group of cells breaks away from its wall and forms the _____
  • Also reinvested cells from the neural crest
A

6th wk

semicircular canals

statoacoustic ganglion

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19
Q

Components of Otic Vesicle (Otocyst)

A
  • Ventral saccular portion (small constricted part)
  • Dorsal utricular portion (small constricted part)
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20
Q

Components of which Otic Vesicle

  • Saccule
  • Cochlear duct (organ of Corti)
  • Spiral ganglion of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve
A

Ventral saccular portion

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21
Q

Components of which Otic Vesicle

  • Utricle
  • Semicircular canal/ duct
  • Endolymphatic duct
  • Vestibular ganglion of the vestibulo cochlear nerve
A

Dorsal utricular portion

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22
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDDLE EAR:
* Composed of:

A
  • Eardrum/ tympanic membrane
  • Tympanic cavity
  • Malleus or hammer
  • Incus or anvil
  • Stapes (or stirrup)-
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23
Q

cone shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear

A

Eardrum/ tympanic membrane-

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24
Q

contains the 3 small bones

A

Tympanic cavity-

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25
Q

long handle attached to the eardrum

A

Malleus or hammer-

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26
Q

the bridge bone between the malleus

A

Incus or anvil-

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27
Q

the footplate; the smallest bone in the body

A

Stapes (or stirrup)-

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28
Q

*DEVELOPMENT OF THE MIDDLE EAR:

  • At the ____, tubulotympanic sulcus develops as extension of the endodermal epithelium of the 1st pharyngeal pouch
  • Distal part is the ____
  • Proximal part is the ____
A

4th wk

primitive tympanic cavity

auditory tube/ eustachian tube

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29
Q

*The Ossicles PRIMORDIAL STRUCTURES:

____ derived from pharyngeal pouch 1 will give rise to the head of malleus and body of incus

A

Meckel’s cartilage

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30
Q

*The Ossicles PRIMORDIAL STRUCTURES:

____ derived from the pharyngeal arch 2 will give rise to the manubrium of malleus, long process of incus and supstructure of stapes

A

Reichert cartilage

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31
Q

*The Ossicles PRIMORDIAL STRUCTURES:

Development of the stapes is induced by a depression on the otic capsule, the ____

A

lamina stapedialis

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32
Q

THE EXTERNAL EAR

COMPOSED OF:

A
  • External auditory meatus
  • Tympanic membrane
  • Auricle/ pinna-
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33
Q

developed from mesenchymal proliferations at the dorsal ends of pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 surrounding the pharyngeal cleft 1

A

Auricle/ pinna-

34
Q

The pinna of the ear turns forward on later and covers the ____. The auditory canal is completely closed by day ___. The external ear remains plugged with periderm for the first ___ days after birth.

A

auditory canal

18

16

35
Q

Growth of mesenchymal tissue (connective tissue) in the cranial region of the embryo results in the formation of arches, separated by clefts. These are the ____ and ____ that form in the neck region of the developing embryo

A

pharyngeal arches

pharyngeal clefts

36
Q

*PHARYNGEAL POUCHES, ARCHES, AND CLEFTS

Simultaneously, outpocketings appear on the lateral wall, the ____

A

pharyngeal pouches

37
Q
  • ____ separate the pharyngeal arches on the inner (endodermal) surface
  • There are ____ pairs of pouches, but only ____ give rise to structures in the adult
A

Pharyngeal pouches

five

four

38
Q

*PHARYNGEAL POUCHES, ARCHES, AND CLEFTS

Initially, there are 4 pharyngeal clefts. However, only the first cleft gives rise to a permanent structure in the adult- the ____

A

external auditory meatus

39
Q

*PHARYNGEAL POUCHES, ARCHES, AND CLEFTS

The 2nd, 3rd,and 4th clefts only form temporary cervical sinuses- which are then obliterated by the rapidly proliferating ____

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

40
Q
  • The six pharyngeal arches- however, the ___ regresses soon after forming.
A

5th

41
Q

*PHARYNGEAL POUCHES, ARCHES, AND CLEFTS

  • Each arch has a muscular component, a skeletal and cartilaginous supporting element as well as a vascular component and is innervated by an arch-associated ____
  • In the adult, each pharyngeal arch is associated with specific structures within the head and neck
A

cranial nerve

42
Q

*Development of the Face

  • ____- the face begins to take shape
  • There are three regions of the face: orbital, nasal, oral
  • Oral region is marked by the ____
  • ____ (primordium) develop bilaterally at the inferolateral corners of the frontonasal process
A

5th wk

stomodeum

Nasal placode

43
Q

*Development of the Face

  • Nasal placode invaginates to form the ____
  • Development of nasal placodes in ____ manner lead to the formation of medial and lateral nasal process
  • ____ in the forebrain signals the normal descent of the fronto nasal prominence
A

nasal pit

horse shoe

S-H-H (sonic hedgehog gene)

44
Q

*Development of the Face

  • At ___ and ___- nasal and maxillary processes expand and fuse to form the upper lip and cheeks
A

6th and 7th wk

45
Q

*Development of the Face

when the mandibular swellings become continuous with the mandibular depression filled with the mesenchyme forms the ____

A

upper lip

46
Q

*Development of the Face

Mandibular process forms the ____

A

angle of the mouth

47
Q

*Development of the Face

_____ forms between the lateral nasal process and maxillary process

A

Nasolacrimal groove and duct

48
Q

*Development of the Face

This group of cells are called ____ that will form the the forehead and nasal regions of the face

A

frontonasal mesenchyme

49
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

Fused L&R medial nasal swellings

A

Nasal septum

50
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

Lateral nasal swellings

A

Alae of the nose

51
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

External opening of olfactory pits

A

External nares/ nostrils

52
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

Caudal openings of olfactory pits into oral cavity

A

Posterior nares

53
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

Nasolacrimal groove

A

Nasolacrimal duct

54
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

Frontal prominence

A

Bridge of nose

55
Q

*Adult parts of the nose and their derivatives

Olfactory pit

A

Nasal cavity

56
Q

*Formation of the Tongue

4th wk at pharyngeal arches (PA) ____- tongue begins to form

A

1,2,3, 4

57
Q

Palate develops from the 2 primordia:

A

primary and secondary

58
Q
  • Primary palate arising from the medial nasal process forms a “____” composed of mesoderm
  • Eventually extend to form the floor of the cavity
A

wedge shaped mass

59
Q
  • Secondary palate develops from 2 lateral palatine processes
  • As the mandible develops, tongue drops and the ____ grow medially and fused in the midline
  • Also fuse with the nasal septum and primary palate
A

palatine processes

60
Q
  • Ossification occurs in anteroposterior direction
  • Posterior portions of the lateral palatine processes do not become ossified but extend past the nasal septum and fuse to form the ____ and ___
A

soft palate and uvula

61
Q

*Development of the Lips and Gums

  • Midway between the medial and lateral (rostral) margin of the oral cavity thickens to form the ____
  • Extends in the form of an arch along the inner margins of the mandibular and maxillary processes
  • Lamina thickens and forms a solid cord of epithelial cells which invade the underlying mesenchyme
A

labiogingival lamina

62
Q

*Development of the Lips and Gums

A groove forms in the lamina called ____; tissue rostral and lateral to the groove forms the ____ and the tissue caudal and medial to the groove forms the ____

A

labiogingival groove/sulcus

lips

gums

63
Q

*Development of the Tooth

Stomodeal ectoderm medial to the ____ forms a focal thickening called ____ (evident in canine at 25 days)

A

labiogingival lamina

dental ledge/ lamina

64
Q

*Development of the Tooth

Invaginates and forms the ____

A

dental bud

65
Q

*Development of the Tooth

Expand and branches to form the _____- a cup shaped structure characteristic of the crown of the tooth

A

enamel organ

66
Q

*Development of the Tooth

Mesenchymal tissue (from neural crest) inside the cup-shaped enamel organ is called ____

A

dental papilla

67
Q

*Development of the Tooth

  • Enamel organ and dental lamina forms the ____
  • Between the enamel organ and surface of the oral cavity, a tissue bud off that forms the ____
A

deciduous or milk tooth

permanent tooth

68
Q

*Development of the Matrix Component of the Tooth

  • Epithelial cells near the deeper layer of the enamel organ become the ____- cementum formers
  • Inner layer of the enamel organ differentiates into ____- enamel forming cells
  • Mesenchymal cells next to the ameloblasts differentitate into _____- dentine formers
A

cementoblasts

ameloblasts

odontoblasts

69
Q

the sensitive part of the tooth

A

dental pulp-

70
Q

____ is the primary matrix
component of the tooth,
surrounds the dental pulp-

A

Dentine

71
Q

*Development of the Tooth

____ draw their raw materials from the blood vessels in the dental pulp and secrete their products towards the enamel organ

A

Odontoblasts

72
Q

*Development of the Tooth

Like the odontoblast, the ameloblasts pushed back as they secrete the ____ towards the dentine and upon eruption of the tooth, the ____

A

enamel

ameloblast degenerate

73
Q

Formation of the dentine and enamel start at the _____ towards the root of the tooth

A

tip of the crown

74
Q

*Development of the Tooth

When the tooth acquire its full growth and definitive position in the alveolus of the jaw, the _____ begin to secrete the cementum the same way in the formation of the bone

A

cementoblasts

75
Q

*Development of the Tooth

______ (fibrous CT) located in periodontal membrane attached tooth to the bones of the jaw

A

Sharpey’s fibers

76
Q

part of the tooth visible, composed of dentine and enamel

A

Crown

77
Q

the part embedded in the alveolus made of the dentine, enamel, and cementum

A

Root-

78
Q

region between the crown and root of the tooth

A

Neck

79
Q

tissue inside the root containing blood vessels and nerves, thus is the most sensitive part of the tooth

A

Dental Pulp

80
Q

bone has __% dentine,
__% enamel and
_% organic substrate

A

45% dentine
30% enamel
5% organic substrate

81
Q

Microscopic structure, bone, dentine and enamel are dissimilar as bone are formed in ____ and has cells scattered through it while the dentine and enamel are not and there are no cells scattered in their matrix as the cells back away after they secrete their finished products.

A

lamellation

V.ANAT 123 (25 decks)

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