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Anesthesiology > LEC: Local Anesthesia > Flashcards

LEC: Local Anesthesia Flashcards

0
Q

How to local anesthetics work/mechanism of action?

A

Interferes with the movement of sodium ions across neronal cell membranes

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1
Q

What is local anesthesia?

A

Odd of pain sensation and midnent in an area of the body due to blockage of nerve conduction

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2
Q

What are four esters?

A

Cocaine procain chlorprocain and propraracain

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3
Q

What are three amides?

A

Lidocaine, mepivacain, bupivacaine

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4
Q

What are two local anesthetics?

A

Esters and amides

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5
Q

What local anesthesia only lasts a few minutes and is topical?

A

Esters

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6
Q

What local anesthetic is used for small animals?

A

Amides

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7
Q

How can you administer amides? 3

A

SC
sometimes IM
rarely IV

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8
Q

How are amides eliminated?

A

Metabolized by the liver

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9
Q

Out of the three amides, which one is the shortest lasting?

A

Lidocaine

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10
Q

How long does lidocaine last?

A

1 1/2 - 2 hours

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11
Q

How much more potent is lidocaine compared to procain?

A

2x

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12
Q

What is the most popular amide?

A

Lidocaine

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13
Q

Why is epinephrine not added to lidocaine for dysarrythmia?

A

Because epinephrine will increase the heart rate

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14
Q

How long does mepivacain last?

A

1.5-3 hours

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15
Q

How muchc more potent is mepivacain compared to procain?

A

2.5x

16
Q

What is mepivacain a best quality?

A

Less irritating to tissue when SC or IM

17
Q

How long does bupivacaine last?

A

4-6 hours

18
Q

How much more potent is mepivacain than procain?

A

8-10x

19
Q

When is bupivacaine used?

A

When they need a local anesthetic to last a while

20
Q

What are five adverse effects of local anesthesia?

A 
Tissue irritation
Allergic reaction
Nerve trauma
Respiratory paralysis and sympathetic block with epidural
Systemic toxicity
21
Q

What are three specific techniques for administrating local anesthesia?

A

Topical application
Localized infiltration
Regional injection

22
Q

What nerves will be blocked with an L line block?

A

T13 and L1

23
Q

What nerves will be blocked with an inverse line block?

A

T13, L1, and L2

24
Q

How do you administer a line block?

A

Go around wound and inject every 1-2cm apart

25
Q

What animals are nerve blocks good for?

A

Cats

26
Q

What operation would you use a nerve block on with a cat?

A

Declaw

27
Q

What is a regional injection?

A

Around the spinal cord or around major nerves that deal with large areas of the body

28
Q

What animals is lidocaine easily toxic in?

A

Goats, sheep, cats

29
Q

What is the toxic dose of lidocaine in cats?

A

8-10mg/Kg

30
Q

What are two examples of regional blocks?

A

Epidural and paravertebral block

31
Q

Where would you give an epidural in a cow?

A

Caudal, between sacrum and somthing

32
Q

What are three anesthetics that can be used for regional injections?

A

Denned atomizing, alpha 2 agonists, opioids

Anesthesiology (19 decks)

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