LEC: Analgesia Flashcards
Why was pain thought to be beneficial?
Because pain limited animal movement after an injury
Define analgesia
The absence of awareness of pain
if pain is left untreated, what happens?
Untreated pain will lead to patient suffering and prolongs recovery from surgery, injury, or illness
What are the physiologic consequences of pain? 4ish
Stress hormone release->catabolic state->muscle wasting
Immunosuppression
Increased inflammation
Delayed wound healing
Define nociception
The detection of actual or potential tissue injury by the CNS
What are the four main steps of pain perception?
Transduction
Transmission
ModilTion
Perception
Define transduction
Transformation of thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli into action potentiom by A-delta and C fibers
Define transmission
Conduction of sensory electrical impulse to the spinal cord
Define modulation
Neurons in the spinal cord amplify or suppress the sensory impulse received from the peripheral noviceptors
Define perception
Sensory impulse is transmitted to the brain where it’s processed and recognized
What is multimodal anesthesia?
Using a combination of analgesic drugs, each with a different mechanism of action, to control pain
What drugs are effective in transduction?
NSAIDS
Opioids
Local anesthetics
Corticosteroids
What is adaptive pain?
Normal sensory response caused by tissue damage and inflammation
What is maladaptive pain?
Physical changes that occur in the normal spinal cord and brain if adaptive pain is not managed correctly
Constant stimulation of noviceptors lead to what?
Physical changes that make them more sensitive to stimulation causing amplification and pain caused from non noxious stimuli
Define hyper analgesia
Increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli
Define allodynia
Pain produced by non noxious stimuli
Define wind up
CNS hypersensitivity to all stimuli
Define somatic pain
Arising from skin, sc tissue, muscle, bones, or joints
Define visceral pain
Arising from internal organs
Define neuropathic pain
Pain arising from direct damage to peripheral nerves or spinal cord
Define acute pain
Sudden onset, short duration
Define chronic pain
Slow onset, long lasting
What are three physiologic changes we could see with an animal in pain?
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Ocular systems
