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anesthesiology > LEC: Analgesia > Flashcards

LEC: Analgesia Flashcards

0
Q

Why was pain thought to be beneficial?

A

Because pain limited animal movement after an injury

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1
Q

Define analgesia

A

The absence of awareness of pain

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2
Q

if pain is left untreated, what happens?

A

Untreated pain will lead to patient suffering and prolongs recovery from surgery, injury, or illness

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3
Q

What are the physiologic consequences of pain? 4ish

A

Stress hormone release->catabolic state->muscle wasting
Immunosuppression
Increased inflammation
Delayed wound healing

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4
Q

Define nociception

A

The detection of actual or potential tissue injury by the CNS

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5
Q

What are the four main steps of pain perception?

A

Transduction
Transmission
ModilTion
Perception

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6
Q

Define transduction

A

Transformation of thermal, chemical, or mechanical stimuli into action potentiom by A-delta and C fibers

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7
Q

Define transmission

A

Conduction of sensory electrical impulse to the spinal cord

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8
Q

Define modulation

A

Neurons in the spinal cord amplify or suppress the sensory impulse received from the peripheral noviceptors

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9
Q

Define perception

A

Sensory impulse is transmitted to the brain where it’s processed and recognized

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10
Q

What is multimodal anesthesia?

A

Using a combination of analgesic drugs, each with a different mechanism of action, to control pain

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11
Q

What drugs are effective in transduction?

A

NSAIDS
Opioids
Local anesthetics
Corticosteroids

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12
Q

What is adaptive pain?

A

Normal sensory response caused by tissue damage and inflammation

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13
Q

What is maladaptive pain?

A

Physical changes that occur in the normal spinal cord and brain if adaptive pain is not managed correctly

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14
Q

Constant stimulation of noviceptors lead to what?

A

Physical changes that make them more sensitive to stimulation causing amplification and pain caused from non noxious stimuli

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15
Q

Define hyper analgesia

A

Increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli

16
Q

Define allodynia

A

Pain produced by non noxious stimuli

17
Q

Define wind up

A

CNS hypersensitivity to all stimuli

18
Q

Define somatic pain

A

Arising from skin, sc tissue, muscle, bones, or joints

19
Q

Define visceral pain

A

Arising from internal organs

20
Q

Define neuropathic pain

A

Pain arising from direct damage to peripheral nerves or spinal cord

21
Q

Define acute pain

A

Sudden onset, short duration

22
Q

Define chronic pain

A

Slow onset, long lasting

23
Q

What are three physiologic changes we could see with an animal in pain?

A

Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Ocular systems

24
Q

What are two ways to treAt pain?

A

Eliminate primary cause

Use analgesic drugs or other modalities

25
Q

Why would you do preemptive analgesia?

A

Reduces anesthetic requirement as well as how long patient will need drugs for pain control

26
Q

What are four preemptive analgesics?

A

Opioids
Alpha 2 agonists
Local anesthetics
NSAIDS

27
Q

What are five postoperative analgesics?

A 
Opioids
NSAIDS
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
Ketamine
Alpha 2 agonists
28
Q

What are two types of drugs administered at CRI?

A

Analgesic and emergency (diazepam, dobutamine, dopamine )

29
Q

Why are CRIs becoming more common? 4

A

Provide stable plains
No peaks/troughs
Lower dosage
Greater control

30
Q

What are four drugs that can be used for CRI?

A

Opioids
Lidocaine
Ketamine
Alpha2 agonists

31
Q

How would you calculate the amount of drug to add to a fluid bag?

A

Dose mcg/kh/hr * wtkg* volume diligent ml *60 DIVIDED BY

Desired fluid rate Mls/hr* drug concentration* 1000=drugs to add to diluent

32
Q

What opioids would you use for moderate to severe pain? 4

A

Morphine
Oxymoron one
Hydromorphone
Fentanyl

33
Q

What opioids would you use for mild to moderate pain? 4

A

Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Meperidine
Nalbuphine

anesthesiology (19 decks)

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