LEC 7 Flashcards
during a physical analysis of urine what is being looked at
cells
crystals
bacteria
why does urine have a yellow color
urobilin
what does foam in urine indicate
protein
what make urine smell bad
ammonia
what do diabetes mellitus patient’s urine smell like and why
sweet/fruity b/c of ketones
water to solute ratio in urine
95%
5%
what is the confirmation test for specific gravity
refractometer
normal osmolality of urine
275 to 900 mOsm/kg
normal serum osmolality
275 to 300 mOsm/kg
what test can determine osmolality
freezing point and vapor pressure
normal ph of urine
4.5- 8.0
what does the reagent strip method measure
ionic solutes
what protein is the strip test most sensitive to
albumin
what conditions would cause proteinuria
diabetes
high blood pressure
normal albumin level
5-50 mg/day
true or false: glucose is normally seen in urine
false
describe a clinitest
glucose oxidase oxidizes glucose and makes hydrogen peroxide and glycolic acid (purple color)
what test confirms glucose in urine
clinitest
what is the byproduct of lipid metabolism
ketones
true or false: ketones are found in acidic urine
true
what ketone can not be detected by a strip test
beta-hydroxybutyrate
why would ketones increase in urine
patient can’t break down glucose so lipids are broken down
what kind of bilirubin is water soluble
conjugated
what condition would cause urobilinogen to be in the urine
hemolytic anemia
cirrhosis
hepatitis
what breaks down nitrate to nitrite
bacteria
what do WBC release when they are broken down
leukocyte esterase
what condition will have a lot of wbc
uti
