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CLS 304 > Kidney Diseases > Flashcards

Kidney Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what type of kidney diseases are most often immune related

A

glomerular

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2
Q

what type of kidney diseases are a result from toxic or infectious substances

A

tubular

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3
Q

what type of kidney diseases are a result from toxic or infectious substances

A

interstitial

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4
Q

what type of kidney diseases are a reduction internal perfusion and the pressure of the heart is damaged

A

vascular

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5
Q

what kind of kidney diseases are primary immunologic, secondary to systemic diseases, and hereditary

A

glomerular disorders

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6
Q

what type of glomerulus disorder is cell proliferation

A

immune mediated

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7
Q

what kind of glomerulus disorder increases in # of endothelial and other cells

A

cellular proliferation

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8
Q

what type of glomerulus disorder is leukocyte infiltration

A

immune mediated

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9
Q

what type of glomerulus disorder is glomerular basement mmb thickening

A

immune mediated

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10
Q

what kind of glomerulus disorder has immune complexes and diabetes

A

glomerular basement mmb thickening

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11
Q

what type of glomerulus disorder is hyalinization with sclerosis

A

immune mediated

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12
Q

what kind of glomerulus disorder has mostly homogeneous eosinophilic extracellular material

A

hyalinization with sclerosis

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13
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? insidious (gradual) onset

A

nephrotic

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14
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? abrupt onset

A

nephritic

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15
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? ++++ edema

A

nephrotic

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16
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? ++ edema

A

nephritic

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17
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? normal blood pressure

A

nephrotic

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18
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? raised blood pressure

A

nephritic

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19
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? normal/low jugular venous pressure

A

nephrotic

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20
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? raised jugular venous pressure

A

nephritic

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21
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? ++++ proteinuria

A

nephrotic

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22
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? ++ proteinuria

A

nephritic

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23
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? hematuria may or may not occur

A

nephrotic

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24
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? +++ hematuria

A

nephritic

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25
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? absent RBC casts

A

nephrotic

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26
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? present RBC cast

A

nephritic

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27
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? low serum albumin

A

nephrotic

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28
Q

nephrotic or nephritic? normal/slightly reduced serum albumin

A

nephritic

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29
Q

def? Increased permeability of the glomerular membrane due to damage of basal lamina and podocytes. Massive loss of protein ( mostly albumin) in urine.

A

nephrotic syndrome

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30
Q

clinical findings of nephrotic syndrome

A

pitting edema and hyperlipidemia

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31
Q

what would you see under the microscope of someone with nephrotic syndrome

A

Oval fat bodies
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts

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32
Q

what protein do you see with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

m protein

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33
Q

what has these symptoms Fever, edema, fatigue, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria

A

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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34
Q

what disease has cloudy red or brown urine

A

acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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35
Q

what would you see under the microscope of someone with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

increase RBC
increased WBC
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts

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36
Q

what cast would you see in acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (3)

A

RBC, hemoglobin, granular

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37
Q

what changes in the blood of someone with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

increase ASO titer and BUN

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38
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has cellular proliferation in Bowman’s space form crescents

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)

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39
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has leukocyte infiltration

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)

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40
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has fibrin deposits

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)

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41
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis damages glomerular basement mmb

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)

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42
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has complications of systemic lupus erythematosus

A

Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)

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43
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has loss of podocyte foot processes

A 
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
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44
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has dysfunction of T cell immunity

A

Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)

45
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis follows infections and is responsible for most cases of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)

46
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has rapid response to steroids

A

Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)

47
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has Sclerotic damage to limited number of glomeruli with hyaline

A

Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)

48
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has lipid deposits

A

Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)

49
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has focal IgM and C3 deposits

A

Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)

50
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has proteinuria predominate

A

Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)

51
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has slow and progressive damage to glomeruli

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

52
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis leads to end stage renal disease

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

53
Q

what has these clinical findings edema, azotemia, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria, anemia

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

54
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis has cloudy red or brown urine

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

55
Q

urinalysis of chronic glomerulonephritis (3)

A

protein
blood
Leukocyte esterase pos

56
Q

what would you see in the microscope of chronic glomerulonephritis

A

increase RBC
increase WBC
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts

57
Q

what type of glomerulonephritis impair GFR

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

58
Q

true or false: diabetes mellitus is associated with glomerulonephritis

A

t

59
Q

what autoimmune disorders are associated with glomerulonephritis

A

SLE
sjogre syndrome
Berger disease

60
Q

true or false: amyloidosis is not associated with glomerulonephritis

A

F

61
Q

what infections are associated with glomerulonephritis

A

HIV
HBV
Group A strep
syphilis

62
Q

what malignancies are associated with glomerulonephritis

A

multiple myeloma

63
Q

def? damage to renal tubular epithelium

A

acute tubular necrosis

64
Q

why do RTE cells blood flow and O2 decrease with acute tubular necrosis

A

ischemia

65
Q

when do you see ischemia in acute tubular necrosis

A

shock
sepsis
trauma

66
Q

what will be in the urine of someone with acute tubular necrosis

A

toxic substances

67
Q

what can acute tubular necrosis cause

A

oliguria and acute renal failure

68
Q

describe the urine of acute tubular necrosis

A

cloudy

red or brown

69
Q

Urinalysis: acute tubular necrosis
____ protein
____ blood

A

small

pos

70
Q

what will you see under the microscope of acute tubular necrosis

A

increase RBC
increase RTE cells
increase cast

71
Q

what kind of cast will you see with acute tubular necrosis (4)

A

RTE
hyaline
granular
waxy

72
Q

def? loss of proximal tubular function

A

falcon syndrome

73
Q

def? Inability to secrete hydrogen ions so blood is acidic but unable to produce an acid urine

A

Renal tubular acidosis

74
Q

what is the most common renal disease

A

UTI

75
Q

where are lower UTI found

A

urethra and bladder

76
Q

where are upper UTI found

A

renal pelvis
tubules
intersitium

77
Q

what kind of disorder is cystitis

A

interstitial disorder

78
Q

what kind of disorder is urethritis

A

interstitial disorder

79
Q

what would the urine look like with an interstitial disorder

A

cloudy

odorous

80
Q

what is the ph of urine with interstitial disorder

A

alkaline

81
Q

what would be pos in a urinalysis with interstitial disorder

A

protein
blood
leukocyte esterase
nitrite

82
Q

what would you see under the microscope of someone with a interstitial disorder

A

RTE cells

bacteria/ yeast

83
Q

what kind of UTI is pyelonephritis

A

upper

84
Q

where would you find pyelonephritis

A

tubules/interstitium

85
Q

is pyelonephritis acute or chronic

A

both

86
Q

is someone has sudden onset of lower back pain, urinary frequency, burning, fever, headache, general malaise what do they have

A

acute pyelonephritis

87
Q

what can pyelonephritis lead to

A

renal failure

88
Q

what does pyelonephritis cause

A

obstructions and bladder/ureters reflux

89
Q

what does the urine look like with pyelonephritis

A

cloudy odorous

90
Q

urinalysis: pyelonephritis

A

protein, blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrite

91
Q

what would you see under the microscope of pyelonephritis (4)

A

increased WBC
WBC cast
increases RBC
bacteria

92
Q

def? Allergic inflammation of renal interstitium followed by inflammation of renal tubules in response to certain medications

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

93
Q

what is the Most common cause is acute allograft rejection of a transplanted kidney

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

94
Q

if a pt has Sudden onset of renal symptoms, rash, fever develops app. 2 weeks after medication taken what do they have

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

95
Q

urinalysis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis

A

protein
blood
leukocyte esterase

96
Q

what would you see under the microscope of Acute Interstitial Nephritis

A

increase WBC
WBC eosinophilic cast
increase RBC
increase RTE cells

97
Q

what kind of WBC do you see in Acute Interstitial Nephritis

A

eosinphils

98
Q

what species of yeast is normal in the GI tract and vagina

A

candida

99
Q

what can cause a yeast infection

A

Antibiotics

increased glucose in urine

100
Q

def? Results from failure of kidneys to maintain adequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function.

A

renal failure

101
Q

renal failure: ____ GFR

A

decreased

102
Q

how much urine is produced with renal failure

A

small (oliguria)

103
Q

renal failure : ____ nitrogenous concentrations

A

increased (azotemia)

104
Q

what % of nephron function is lost with renal failure

A

85%

105
Q

what does chronic renal failure lead to

A

end stage kidney disease

106
Q

treatment of end stage kidney. disease

A

dialysis or kidney transplant

107
Q

what are kidney stones

A

calculi, solid aggregates of mineral salts

108
Q

most common kidney stone

A

calcium

109
Q

what does this pt have: severe pain radiating from lower back to legs; hematuria present in most cases

A

kidney stones

CLS 304 (21 decks)

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