Kidney Diseases Flashcards
what type of kidney diseases are most often immune related
glomerular
what type of kidney diseases are a result from toxic or infectious substances
tubular
what type of kidney diseases are a result from toxic or infectious substances
interstitial
what type of kidney diseases are a reduction internal perfusion and the pressure of the heart is damaged
vascular
what kind of kidney diseases are primary immunologic, secondary to systemic diseases, and hereditary
glomerular disorders
what type of glomerulus disorder is cell proliferation
immune mediated
what kind of glomerulus disorder increases in # of endothelial and other cells
cellular proliferation
what type of glomerulus disorder is leukocyte infiltration
immune mediated
what type of glomerulus disorder is glomerular basement mmb thickening
immune mediated
what kind of glomerulus disorder has immune complexes and diabetes
glomerular basement mmb thickening
what type of glomerulus disorder is hyalinization with sclerosis
immune mediated
what kind of glomerulus disorder has mostly homogeneous eosinophilic extracellular material
hyalinization with sclerosis
nephrotic or nephritic? insidious (gradual) onset
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? abrupt onset
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? ++++ edema
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? ++ edema
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? normal blood pressure
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? raised blood pressure
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? normal/low jugular venous pressure
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? raised jugular venous pressure
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? ++++ proteinuria
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? ++ proteinuria
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? hematuria may or may not occur
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? +++ hematuria
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? absent RBC casts
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? present RBC cast
nephritic
nephrotic or nephritic? low serum albumin
nephrotic
nephrotic or nephritic? normal/slightly reduced serum albumin
nephritic
def? Increased permeability of the glomerular membrane due to damage of basal lamina and podocytes. Massive loss of protein ( mostly albumin) in urine.
nephrotic syndrome
clinical findings of nephrotic syndrome
pitting edema and hyperlipidemia
what would you see under the microscope of someone with nephrotic syndrome
Oval fat bodies
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts
what protein do you see with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
m protein
what has these symptoms Fever, edema, fatigue, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
what disease has cloudy red or brown urine
acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
what would you see under the microscope of someone with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
increase RBC
increased WBC
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts
what cast would you see in acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (3)
RBC, hemoglobin, granular
what changes in the blood of someone with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
increase ASO titer and BUN
what type of glomerulonephritis has cellular proliferation in Bowman’s space form crescents
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
what type of glomerulonephritis has leukocyte infiltration
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
what type of glomerulonephritis has fibrin deposits
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
what type of glomerulonephritis damages glomerular basement mmb
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
what type of glomerulonephritis has complications of systemic lupus erythematosus
Rapidly Progressive Crescentric (acute nephritic)
what type of glomerulonephritis has loss of podocyte foot processes
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic) Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
what type of glomerulonephritis has dysfunction of T cell immunity
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
what type of glomerulonephritis follows infections and is responsible for most cases of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
what type of glomerulonephritis has rapid response to steroids
Minimal Change Disease (acute nephrotic)
what type of glomerulonephritis has Sclerotic damage to limited number of glomeruli with hyaline
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
what type of glomerulonephritis has lipid deposits
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
what type of glomerulonephritis has focal IgM and C3 deposits
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
what type of glomerulonephritis has proteinuria predominate
Focal Glomerulosclerosis (variable)
what type of glomerulonephritis has slow and progressive damage to glomeruli
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
what type of glomerulonephritis leads to end stage renal disease
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
what has these clinical findings edema, azotemia, hypertension, oliguria, hematuria, anemia
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
what type of glomerulonephritis has cloudy red or brown urine
chronic glomerulonephritis
urinalysis of chronic glomerulonephritis (3)
protein
blood
Leukocyte esterase pos
what would you see in the microscope of chronic glomerulonephritis
increase RBC
increase WBC
Increased Renal Tubular epithelial cells
Increased casts
what type of glomerulonephritis impair GFR
chronic glomerulonephritis
true or false: diabetes mellitus is associated with glomerulonephritis
t
what autoimmune disorders are associated with glomerulonephritis
SLE
sjogre syndrome
Berger disease
true or false: amyloidosis is not associated with glomerulonephritis
F
what infections are associated with glomerulonephritis
HIV
HBV
Group A strep
syphilis
what malignancies are associated with glomerulonephritis
multiple myeloma
def? damage to renal tubular epithelium
acute tubular necrosis
why do RTE cells blood flow and O2 decrease with acute tubular necrosis
ischemia
when do you see ischemia in acute tubular necrosis
shock
sepsis
trauma
what will be in the urine of someone with acute tubular necrosis
toxic substances
what can acute tubular necrosis cause
oliguria and acute renal failure
describe the urine of acute tubular necrosis
cloudy
red or brown
Urinalysis: acute tubular necrosis
____ protein
____ blood
small
pos
what will you see under the microscope of acute tubular necrosis
increase RBC
increase RTE cells
increase cast
what kind of cast will you see with acute tubular necrosis (4)
RTE
hyaline
granular
waxy
def? loss of proximal tubular function
falcon syndrome
def? Inability to secrete hydrogen ions so blood is acidic but unable to produce an acid urine
Renal tubular acidosis
what is the most common renal disease
UTI
where are lower UTI found
urethra and bladder
where are upper UTI found
renal pelvis
tubules
intersitium
what kind of disorder is cystitis
interstitial disorder
what kind of disorder is urethritis
interstitial disorder
what would the urine look like with an interstitial disorder
cloudy
odorous
what is the ph of urine with interstitial disorder
alkaline
what would be pos in a urinalysis with interstitial disorder
protein
blood
leukocyte esterase
nitrite
what would you see under the microscope of someone with a interstitial disorder
RTE cells
bacteria/ yeast
what kind of UTI is pyelonephritis
upper
where would you find pyelonephritis
tubules/interstitium
is pyelonephritis acute or chronic
both
is someone has sudden onset of lower back pain, urinary frequency, burning, fever, headache, general malaise what do they have
acute pyelonephritis
what can pyelonephritis lead to
renal failure
what does pyelonephritis cause
obstructions and bladder/ureters reflux
what does the urine look like with pyelonephritis
cloudy odorous
urinalysis: pyelonephritis
protein, blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrite
what would you see under the microscope of pyelonephritis (4)
increased WBC
WBC cast
increases RBC
bacteria
def? Allergic inflammation of renal interstitium followed by inflammation of renal tubules in response to certain medications
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
what is the Most common cause is acute allograft rejection of a transplanted kidney
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
if a pt has Sudden onset of renal symptoms, rash, fever develops app. 2 weeks after medication taken what do they have
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
urinalysis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis
protein
blood
leukocyte esterase
what would you see under the microscope of Acute Interstitial Nephritis
increase WBC
WBC eosinophilic cast
increase RBC
increase RTE cells
what kind of WBC do you see in Acute Interstitial Nephritis
eosinphils
what species of yeast is normal in the GI tract and vagina
candida
what can cause a yeast infection
Antibiotics
increased glucose in urine
def? Results from failure of kidneys to maintain adequate excretory, regulatory and endocrine function.
renal failure
renal failure: ____ GFR
decreased
how much urine is produced with renal failure
small (oliguria)
renal failure : ____ nitrogenous concentrations
increased (azotemia)
what % of nephron function is lost with renal failure
85%
what does chronic renal failure lead to
end stage kidney disease
treatment of end stage kidney. disease
dialysis or kidney transplant
what are kidney stones
calculi, solid aggregates of mineral salts
most common kidney stone
calcium
what does this pt have: severe pain radiating from lower back to legs; hematuria present in most cases
kidney stones
