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CLS 304 > CH.5 > Flashcards

CH.5 Flashcards

1
Q

what do renal function test evaluate (3)

A

glomerular filtration
conc
renal blood flow

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2
Q

what conc is being tested in renal function test

A

tubular reabsorption

tubular secretion

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3
Q

factors of urine volume and solute composition

A

diet
physical activity
health

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4
Q

what specific waste is looked at to assess kidney function

A

creatinine

urea

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5
Q

urine composition

A

5-6% dissolved solutes

94-95% water

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6
Q

what problem does uric acid cause in the kidneys

A

kidney stones

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7
Q

what is it called when more than 3 L of urine a produced per day

A

polyuria

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8
Q

what causes polyuria

A
  • ADH secretion inadequate or receptors are ineffective

- solute increase

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9
Q

what is it called when less than 400 mL of urine are produced per day

A

oliguria

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10
Q

what causes oliguria (3)

A

urinary obstruction, tubular dysfunction, fluid loss

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11
Q

what is it called when no urine is produced

A

anuria

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12
Q

what cause anuria

A

progressive renal disease or renal failure

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13
Q

osmoses per kilogram

A

osmolality

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14
Q

what does osmolality measure

A

solute number not size or weight

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15
Q

where is finial osmolality determined

A

distal and collecting tubules when ADH is present

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16
Q

what is normal urine osmolality

A

1 to 3 times of plasma

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17
Q

def? comparison of density of urine to that of water

A

specific gravity.

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18
Q

what does specific gravity measure

A

number of particles and mass

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19
Q

what measures a more accurate selection of kidney’s conc ability

A

osmolality

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20
Q

what are the 3 most prevalent solutes in urine

A

urea
chloride
sodium

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21
Q

what will become unchanging in some chronic renal diseases

A

specific gravity or osmolality

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22
Q

what is urine conc the same as

A

plasma ultrafiltrate

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23
Q

what test is used to differentiate causes of polyuria

A

fluid deprivation test

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24
Q

what disease is ADH decreases

A

neurogenic diabetes insipidus

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25
Q

what disease has a lack of renal response to ADH

A

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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26
Q

how long is urine collected for a fluid deprivation test

A

12 hours

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27
Q

def? high specific gravity

A

heyperthenuria

28
Q

def? fixed specific gravity

A

isothenuria

29
Q

when would you see a person with a specific gravity greater than 1.035

A

injected with radiographic contrast media

30
Q

what test measures rate at which the kidneys can remove a filterable substance from the blood

A

clearance test

31
Q

what needs to be special about the substance analyzed in a clearance test

A

cannot be reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules

32
Q

what is the most common clearance test

A

creatinine clearance

33
Q

what substance does a exogenous clearance test require

A

inulin

34
Q

what substance does a endogenous clearance test require

A

substance already present in the body

35
Q

renal clearance formula

A

renal clearance (mL/min)= Urine conc (mg/dL) * Volume of urine (mL/min)/ plasma conc of substance (mg/dL)

36
Q

what is the waste product of creatine

A

creatinine

37
Q

how long does urine need to be collected for a creatinine clearance test

A

24 hrs

38
Q

what other test needs to be done with a creatinine clearance test and when?

A

serum creatinine drawn during urine collection period

39
Q

creatinine clearance formula

A

renal clearance (mL/min)= (urine creatinine * urine vol/ serum creatinin) * (1.73 m^2/ body surface area)

40
Q

normal creatinine value

A

based on size of the person; larger person = more creatinine production

41
Q

what happens to creatinine values in older people

A

decreases

42
Q

normal reference range of plasma creatinine

A

0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL

43
Q

is it difficult to preform a plasma and urine creatinine test

A

no

44
Q

what is tested to detect chronic kidney disease

A

GFR

45
Q

what is GFR based on

A

serum creatinine level, pt age, gender, and ethnicity

46
Q

def? a low molecular weight protein found on surface of nucleated cells and shed into plasma

A

beta2-microglobulin

47
Q

what molecule is readily passes through glomeruli and is 99.9% reabsorbed by proximal tubule

A

beta2-microglobulin

48
Q

what is the marker of reduced tubular function

A

beta2-microglobulin

49
Q

what is beta2-microglobulin used clinically for

A

ID early kidney transplant rejection

differentiate tubular and glomerular diseases

50
Q

def? low molecular weight protein that has potential as a marker for long term monitoring of renal function

A

cystatin C

51
Q

what molecule is produce by nucleated cells and filtered by glomerulus and is catabolized by tubular cells

A

cystatin C

52
Q

increased plasma levels reflect

A

decreased glomerular funtion

53
Q

is cystatin C routinely used

A

no

54
Q

what molecule appears early diabetic nephrophathy

A

albuminuria

55
Q

what does the presence of albumin mean

A

increased glomerular permeability

56
Q

what is the most important factor associated with glomerular proteinuria

A

hyperglycemia

57
Q

what is tested for renal blood flow

A

p-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

58
Q

where is PAH secreted

A

proximal convoluted tubule

59
Q

what is loosely bound to plasma proteins

A

PAH

60
Q

when is PAH removed from the blood

A

when it comes in contact with functional renal tissue

61
Q

what kind of procedure is PAH testing

A

exogenous

62
Q

what does titratable acidity/urine ammonia test for

A

tubular secretion of H and NH4+

63
Q

when is urine an “alkaline tide”

A

first morning
postprandial
lowest pH at night

64
Q

def? renal tubular acidosis is inability to produce an acid urine

A

metabolic acidosis

65
Q

def? secretion of H+

A

PCT

66
Q

def? secretion of NH3

A

DCT

CLS 304 (21 decks)

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