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CLS 304 > CH. 7 > Flashcards

CH. 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a true negative

A

specificity

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2
Q

what is the most common method for chemical testing

A

reagent strip

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3
Q

what is a true positive

A

sensitivity

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4
Q

what are the qualitative results of a reagent strip based on

A

color change

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5
Q

for reagent strip testing what varies based on manufacturers

A

specificity and sensitivity

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6
Q

what substance interferes with reagent strip testing

A

ascorbic acid

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7
Q

at what temp do you preform reagent strip testing

A

room temp

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8
Q

what are examples of quantitative reporting

A

conc mg/dL

plus system

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9
Q

what are examples of qualitative reporting

A

small, moderate, large

neg/pos/WRR (normal)

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10
Q

what chemical property in urine is check in pregnant women

A

glucose and protein

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11
Q

def? refers to the ability of the test to correctly id those pt with the disease

A

sensitivity

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12
Q

what is the formula of sensitivity

A

sensitivity % = true pos/ true pos + false neg

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13
Q

def? refers to the ability of the test to correctly id those pt without the disease

A

specificity

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14
Q

formula of specificity

A

specificity % = true neg/ true neg + false pos

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15
Q

what other test confirms results of reagent strip test

A

tablet/liquid test

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16
Q

what test is used for highly pigmented urine

A

tablet/liquid test

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17
Q

what does the specific gravity dipstick measure

A

pKa change of pretreated polyelectrolytes

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18
Q

what is the SG of a deep blue color dipstick result

A

1.000

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19
Q

what is the SG of a yellow-green color dipstick result

A

1.030

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20
Q

what organ is the major regulator of acid-base

A

kidney

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21
Q

what dye indicates acidic pH

A

methyl red

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22
Q

what dye indicates basic pH

A

bromthymol blue

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23
Q

what is the normal pH of urine

A

4.5 to 8.0

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24
Q

knowledge of pH aid with ID of _____

A

crystals

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25
Q

what disease has cloudy red urine due to intact RBCs

A

hematuria

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26
Q

what disease has clear red urine due to RBCs destruction

A

hemoglobinuria

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27
Q

how much blood has to be in urine for it to be considered clinically significant

A

greater than 5 cells per microliter

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28
Q

what kind of test is most accurate for determining the presence of blood

A

chemical test

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29
Q

what test can be used to differentiate between hematuria and hemoglobinurina

A

microscopic examination

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30
Q

what causes hematuria

A

damage to renal system

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31
Q

what disease has yellow brown granules in sediment

A

hemosiderin

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32
Q

what disease has clear, red/brown urine caused by heme-containing protein in muscle tissue

A

myogloninuria

33
Q

what causes myoglobinuria

A

rhabdomyolysis (muscle destruction)

34
Q

what rxn happens in reagent strip testing

A

catalyze a reaction between the heme component

35
Q

if there is a pos leukocyte esterase result what is required

A

microscopic exam of sediment

36
Q

what screens for urinary tract inflammation

A

leukocyte esterase

37
Q

what converts nitrate to nitrite

A

gram neg bacteria

38
Q

what rxn occurs in nitrite reagent strip testing

A

greiss rxn

39
Q

what is a cost effective e test for UTIs

A

leukocyte-nitrite

40
Q

if protein is consistently detected what does it indicate

A

renal disease

41
Q

what does SSA (sulfosaclicylic acid) test for

A

protein

42
Q

what gives a false pos in SSA testing

A

x ray contrast media, penicillin

43
Q

what gives a false neg in SSA testing

A

highly alkaline urine

44
Q

def? albumin that cannot be detected by routine dipstick for protein

A

microalbuminuria

45
Q

clinical significance of microalbuminuria

A

kidney disease in diabetes, hypertension, or peripheral vascular disease

46
Q

is glucose normally in urine

A

no

47
Q

what is it called when glucose is present in urine

A

glucosuria or glycosuria

48
Q

what rxn occurs in the dipstick to test for glucose

A

enzymatic rxn

49
Q

what compound give a false neg when testing for glucose

A

ascorbic acid

50
Q

what substance give a false pos when testing for glucose

A

bleach or strong oxidizing agent

51
Q

what is the clinitest based on

A

the ability of reducing substances to reduce copper sulfate to cuprous oxide

52
Q

what does the flintiest screen for

A

non-glucose reducing sugars in children under 2

53
Q

what cause ketones to be present in urine

A

increase and or incomplete fat metabolism

54
Q

what is the most common ketone detected in urine

A

betahydroxybutyric acid

55
Q

what ketone is not detected with a dipstick

A

betahydroxybutyric acid

56
Q

are ketones normally present in urine

A

no

57
Q

what causes a false pos in ketone testing

A

pigmented urines

58
Q

what causes a false neg in ketone testing

A

delay in testing

59
Q

what rxn occurs when testing for bilirubin

A

diazo rxn

60
Q

what causes a false pos when testing for bilirubin

A

medication that color urine red or yellow

61
Q

what causes a false neg when testing for bilirubin

A

ascorbic acid

old urine- exposure to light

62
Q

what test is ran to confirm bilirubin in urine

A

ictotest

63
Q

what causes bilirubin to be in urine

A

obstruction to bile flow from liver
inflammation of liver cells
congenital hyperbilirubinemias

64
Q

what rxn occurs when testing for urobilinogen

A

ehrlich rxn

65
Q

What does ascorbic acid come from

A

Vit C

66
Q

Who requires a color urine chart

A

CAP

67
Q

What does WRR stand for

A

Within reference range

68
Q

What 2 dyes are used in the Double-indicator system reaction

A

Methyl red

Bromthymol blue

69
Q

What does blood indicate in urine for males

A

1st sign of prostate issues

70
Q

Def? UTI in kidney

A

Pyelonephritis

71
Q

Def? UTI in Bladder

A

Cystitis

72
Q

Def? UTI in urethra

A

urethritis

73
Q

where is cystitis found

A

Bladder

74
Q

Where is pyelonephritis found

A

Tubules

75
Q

Principle of protein dip stick

A

error of the indicators

76
Q

What rxn occurs on dipstick for glucose

A

double sequential enzymatic

77
Q

Is a clinitest exo or endergonic rxn

A

Exo

78
Q

What rxn occurs on dipstick for ketones

A

Nitroprusside

CLS 304 (21 decks)

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