CH. 7 Flashcards
what is a true negative
specificity
what is the most common method for chemical testing
reagent strip
what is a true positive
sensitivity
what are the qualitative results of a reagent strip based on
color change
for reagent strip testing what varies based on manufacturers
specificity and sensitivity
what substance interferes with reagent strip testing
ascorbic acid
at what temp do you preform reagent strip testing
room temp
what are examples of quantitative reporting
conc mg/dL
plus system
what are examples of qualitative reporting
small, moderate, large
neg/pos/WRR (normal)
what chemical property in urine is check in pregnant women
glucose and protein
def? refers to the ability of the test to correctly id those pt with the disease
sensitivity
what is the formula of sensitivity
sensitivity % = true pos/ true pos + false neg
def? refers to the ability of the test to correctly id those pt without the disease
specificity
formula of specificity
specificity % = true neg/ true neg + false pos
what other test confirms results of reagent strip test
tablet/liquid test
what test is used for highly pigmented urine
tablet/liquid test
what does the specific gravity dipstick measure
pKa change of pretreated polyelectrolytes
what is the SG of a deep blue color dipstick result
1.000
what is the SG of a yellow-green color dipstick result
1.030
what organ is the major regulator of acid-base
kidney
what dye indicates acidic pH
methyl red
what dye indicates basic pH
bromthymol blue
what is the normal pH of urine
4.5 to 8.0
knowledge of pH aid with ID of _____
crystals
what disease has cloudy red urine due to intact RBCs
hematuria
what disease has clear red urine due to RBCs destruction
hemoglobinuria
how much blood has to be in urine for it to be considered clinically significant
greater than 5 cells per microliter
what kind of test is most accurate for determining the presence of blood
chemical test
what test can be used to differentiate between hematuria and hemoglobinurina
microscopic examination
what causes hematuria
damage to renal system
what disease has yellow brown granules in sediment
hemosiderin
what disease has clear, red/brown urine caused by heme-containing protein in muscle tissue
myogloninuria
what causes myoglobinuria
rhabdomyolysis (muscle destruction)
what rxn happens in reagent strip testing
catalyze a reaction between the heme component
if there is a pos leukocyte esterase result what is required
microscopic exam of sediment
what screens for urinary tract inflammation
leukocyte esterase
what converts nitrate to nitrite
gram neg bacteria
what rxn occurs in nitrite reagent strip testing
greiss rxn
what is a cost effective e test for UTIs
leukocyte-nitrite
if protein is consistently detected what does it indicate
renal disease
what does SSA (sulfosaclicylic acid) test for
protein
what gives a false pos in SSA testing
x ray contrast media, penicillin
what gives a false neg in SSA testing
highly alkaline urine
def? albumin that cannot be detected by routine dipstick for protein
microalbuminuria
clinical significance of microalbuminuria
kidney disease in diabetes, hypertension, or peripheral vascular disease
is glucose normally in urine
no
what is it called when glucose is present in urine
glucosuria or glycosuria
what rxn occurs in the dipstick to test for glucose
enzymatic rxn
what compound give a false neg when testing for glucose
ascorbic acid
what substance give a false pos when testing for glucose
bleach or strong oxidizing agent
what is the clinitest based on
the ability of reducing substances to reduce copper sulfate to cuprous oxide
what does the flintiest screen for
non-glucose reducing sugars in children under 2
what cause ketones to be present in urine
increase and or incomplete fat metabolism
what is the most common ketone detected in urine
betahydroxybutyric acid
what ketone is not detected with a dipstick
betahydroxybutyric acid
are ketones normally present in urine
no
what causes a false pos in ketone testing
pigmented urines
what causes a false neg in ketone testing
delay in testing
what rxn occurs when testing for bilirubin
diazo rxn
what causes a false pos when testing for bilirubin
medication that color urine red or yellow
what causes a false neg when testing for bilirubin
ascorbic acid
old urine- exposure to light
what test is ran to confirm bilirubin in urine
ictotest
what causes bilirubin to be in urine
obstruction to bile flow from liver
inflammation of liver cells
congenital hyperbilirubinemias
what rxn occurs when testing for urobilinogen
ehrlich rxn
What does ascorbic acid come from
Vit C
Who requires a color urine chart
CAP
What does WRR stand for
Within reference range
What 2 dyes are used in the Double-indicator system reaction
Methyl red
Bromthymol blue
What does blood indicate in urine for males
1st sign of prostate issues
Def? UTI in kidney
Pyelonephritis
Def? UTI in Bladder
Cystitis
Def? UTI in urethra
urethritis
where is cystitis found
Bladder
Where is pyelonephritis found
Tubules
Principle of protein dip stick
error of the indicators
What rxn occurs on dipstick for glucose
double sequential enzymatic
Is a clinitest exo or endergonic rxn
Exo
What rxn occurs on dipstick for ketones
Nitroprusside
