Cerebrospinal Fluid Flashcards
what color is CSF
colorless
where is CSF produced
the 4 ventricles of the brain
what secretes CFS
choroid plexus
function of CSF
- supplies nutrient to nervous tissue
- removes metabolic waste
- cushions brain and spinal cord
what does the central nervous system consist of
brain
spinal cord
what is the outer layer of the central nervous system
dura mater
what is the middle layer of the central nervous system
arachnoid mater
what is the inner layer of the central nervous system
pia mater
what layers do CSF flow through
arachnoid mater and Pia mater
what are the protective coverings of the brain
bone
meninges
fluid
def? dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
meninges
how is CSF made
hydrostatic pressure and active secretion
how many mL of CSF do adults have
85-150 mL
how many mL of CSF do neonates have
10-60 mL
what blood-brain barrier condition is blockage of drainage of CSF
hydrocephalus
treatment of hydrocephalus
sugary
how many tubes are used for CSF collection
3
sometimes 4
what kind of testing is prioritized if there is only a little bit of CSF
micro and cellular testing
if there is even blood distribution in all 3 tubes of CSF what does that indicate
hemorrhage
if there is uneven blood distribution in the 3 tubes of CSF what does that indicate
traumatic tap
true or false: CSF testing is not STAT
F
cause of xanthochromic (pink to orange) CSF sample
bilirubin
breakdown of hemoglobin
cause of clotted CSF sample
protein
fibrinogen
cause of pellicle (thick mmb/film) CSF sample
protein
clotting factors
what method is used to count CSF cells
Neubauer hemocytometer counting chamber
how many WBC is normal per microliter in CSF sample
0-5
what are the most common WBCs seen in CSF fluid
lymphocytes and monocytes
normal ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes in CSF (adults)
70:30
def? increased amounts of normal cells
pleocytosis
pleocytosis helps determining the cause of what
meningitis
if you see lots of neutrophils in CSF what kind of meningitis is this
bacterial
if you see lots of lymphocytes in CSF what kind of \_\_\_ viral tubercular fungal parasitic syphilis is this
meningitis
if blast forms in CSF what is the clinical significance
acute leukemia
if lymphoma cells are in CSF what is the clinical significance
disseminated lymphomas
if plasma cells are in CSF what is the clinical significance
multiple sclerosis
if eosinophils are in CSF what is the clinical significance
parasites, allergic
if ependymal choroidal and spindle-shaped cells are in CSF what is the clinical significance
diagnostic procedures
if malignant cells are in CSF what is the clinical significance
metastatic carcinomas
what do neutrophil often contain in CSF
phagocytized bacteria
who is more likely to have a traumatic tap
children
in a traumatic tap how many WBC are there for every 1000 RBC
1 to 2
what do arachnoid, ependymal, and choroid plexus cells mistaken for
malignant cells
what stain is used for bacteria and fungi
gram stain
what stain is used for cryptococcus neoformans
india ink
what stain is used for tuberculosis meningitis
acid-fast stain
what stain is used for ameba naegleria fowleri
wright stain
normal amount of protein in CSF
15-45 mg/dL
what protein is monitored for multiple sclerosis
myelin basic protein
formula for CSF/serum albumin index
albumin CSF (mg/dL)/ albumin serum (g/dL)
what is the normal amount of CSF/serum albumin index
less than 9
in protein electrophoresis what is the 2nd band
tau protein
what kind of salt increases in both bacterial, fungal, or tuberculous infections
lactate
what a.a increases when ammonia levels increase
glutamine
what a.a is associated with loss of consciencness, coma, or liver disorders
glutamine
