lec 5

Question 1

Archaea have generally

Answer 1

the same shape size and appearance as bacteria and also have similar reporduction (binary fission) makes it difficult to differentiate between archaea and bacteria without study of dna and rna

Question 2

cladistics

Answer 2

an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized based on shared derived characteristics that can be traced to a group’s most recent common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors

Question 3

plesiomorph

Answer 3

a characterisitc that a toxon has a retained from its ancestor, plesiomorphs are not useful in defining clade, can not use cell membrane seperate groups because all organisms has it, opposoble thumbs you could

Question 4

apomorphy

Answer 4

derived characteristic or innovation that is unique to a group, thus can be used to diagnose a clade

Question 5

cladistics goal

Answer 5

to create a monophyletic taxon (called a clade), that includes all descendants of an inferred ancestor, but no others

Question 6

paraphyletic clade

Answer 6

one that is missing one or more smaller clades

Question 7

polyphyletic group

Answer 7

appears to be related by a characteristic that is not derived but is ancestral

Question 8

protozoa

Answer 8

animal like protists, include parasites

Question 9

algae

Answer 9

plant-like protists

Question 10

Fungal-like protists

Answer 10

lake chitin and are all decomposers

Question 11

plantae

Answer 11

multicellular photoautotrophs,

Question 12

fungi

Answer 12

multicellular and single celled organisms which break down dead organic matter

Question 13

reasons for disagreement around number of kingdoms

Answer 13

1) how different is different enough to warrant your own kingdom
2) some taxonomists are lumpers, some are splitters
3) Human bias (no one wants to study protists)

Question 14

taxon have characteristics in common based on

Answer 14

morphological, physiological, and/or genetic traits

Question 15

animal characteristics

Answer 15

multicellular ingestive heterotrophs and are the only kingdom with muscles(sponges don’t have muscles)

Question 16

chordates

Answer 16

have a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits and post-anal tail

Question 17

mammals

Answer 17

mammary glands, hair, 3 ear bones, and differentiated teeth

Question 18

primates

Answer 18

prehensible hands, opposable thumbs, key for branchiation

Question 19

hominids

Answer 19

no tails, ability to walk upright, arms shorter than legs

Question 20

homo

Answer 20

permanent erect posture, large cranium, two-footed gait, opposable thumbs, tool making ability