lec 4

Question 1

Diversity

Answer 1

a measure of the number of organisms of life on earth

Question 2

Diversity often measured in three ways:

Answer 2

1. Ecosystem diversity describes the variety of habitats present
2. Species diversity is a measure of the number of species and the number of individuals of each species present
3. Genetic diversity refers to the total amount of genetic variability present

Question 3

estimated total number of species on earth

Answer 3

9. 7 million, 6.5 million terrestial, 2.2 million aquatic, 86% of species on land and 91% yet to be discovered
   - high estimate 200 million

Question 4

Why so much disagreement amount diversity

Answer 4

1. species counts biased by our tendency to study certain organisms more than other
2. The type of habitat or location may make counting species difficult
3. Size often complicates the detection and counting of species
4. Ambiguities in scientific classification impact species counts

Question 5

Deep sea

Answer 5

Abyssal Zone > 4000 deep largest habitat on Earth

Question 6

Dadal Snailfish (pseudoliparis amblystomopsis)

Answer 6

deepest known living fish able to survive at depths of 7.7 kilmeters

Question 7

Paedophryne amauensis

Answer 7

specis of frog
world’s smallest known vertebrate
from papua new guinea described in january 2012

Question 8

Beaked whale

Answer 8

announced this year, though it’s bone samples have been in museaums for over 50 years
DNA analysis has confirmed it is a unique species

Question 9

systematics

Answer 9

Scientific study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and the relationships among them

Question 10

Toxonomy

Answer 10

the theory and practice of classifying organisms into taxa within a hierarch

Question 11

Systematics sub-disciplines

Answer 11

Toxonomy, nomenclature and phylogenetics

Question 12

Nomenclature

Answer 12

process where scientific names are produced for taxa at all hierarchal levels to provide a common ground in which biologist can communicate about taxa

Question 13

Phylogenetics

Answer 13

study of the evolutionary history or relationships of organisms

Question 14

Linnaeus system of naming orgnasims rules

Answer 14

each organism has only one name (genus and species)

2. no two organism can bear the same name

Question 15

Linnaeus rule 1

Answer 15

A significant part of Linnaeus’ systems was binomial nomenclature which consisted of two pars

1) GENERIC OR GENUS NAME
2) SPECIFIC EPITHET (species name)

Question 16

International code of zoological nomenclature rules for naming principally regulate _________

Answer 16

1. How names are correctly established in the frame of binominal nomenclature
2. Which name must be used in case of name conflicts
   3) how scientific literature must cite names

Question 17

law of priority

Answer 17

no two organisms can have the same name

- if a species has been named twice the first name gets it

Question 18

holotype

Answer 18

preserved specimen of a species

Question 19

Allotype

Answer 19

specimen of opposite sex to the holotype

Question 20

Paratypes

Answer 20

specimens of the type other than the holotype