lec 15

Question 1

competitive exclusion principle

In reality this does not happen because

Answer 1

• when two species compete directly for the same limiting resources; the more efficient speies will eliminate the other
• no two species have exactly the same requirement

Question 2

the competivie exclusion principle applies to what is called a _______ ______

Answer 2

population niche

Question 3

niche

Answer 3

the sum total of the biotic and abiotic resources an organism uses

Question 4

If the niche’s of two or more species are very similar then

Answer 4

one or more species may be driven out of the habitat by competitive exclusion

Question 5

Symbiotic relationship: ____________

The three types are _________

Answer 5

• an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in close association with another species
• (parasitism, commensalism, mutualsim

Question 6

parasitism

Answer 6

a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host

Question 7

parasitic relationship

Answer 7

one species(parasite) benefits and the other species (host) is harmed

Question 8

parasites increase their fitness by

Answer 8

using the host for food, habitat, and a means of dispersal

Question 9

Parasatoidism

Answer 9

kill the host

Question 10

Hosts have adaptations that minimize the effect of parasites
immune responses: ________
behavioral defenses: _________

Answer 10

• common in micro-parasitic infection and less common in macro-parastic infection
• may help a host avoid infection

Question 11

commensalism

Answer 11

a type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other one is neither harmed nor helped

Question 12

mutalism

Answer 12

is a positive interaction between two species that can be characterized by a number of benefits

Question 13

Examples of mutualism:
Provision of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ from predators, herbivores and parasites
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ with a third species
enhanced \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 13

• essential resouces
• protection
• reduction of competition
• reproduction

Question 14

obligate mutualists

Answer 14

cannot survive or reproduce without the interaction

Question 15

faculative mutualist

Answer 15

can survive and reproduce without eachother

Question 16

Competition is

Answer 16

an interaction between two or more individuals that attempt to use the same resource, such as food, water sunlight or living space

Question 17

Intraspecific competition

Answer 17

competitive interactions between two or more individuals of the same species

Question 18

Interspecific competition

Answer 18

competitive interactions between two different species

Question 19

Exploitation

Answer 19

a type of competition where organisms are competing for the same resource but not directly interacting

Question 20

Interference

Answer 20

a type of competition where there is direct competitive interactions

Question 21

Interspecific interactions

Answer 21

Consumption, preemption, overgrowth, chemical interaction, territorial, encounter

Question 22

consumption competition

Answer 22

individuals of one species inhibit individuals of another by consuming a shared resource

Question 23

pre-emption competition

Answer 23

individuals of one species prevent occupation of an area by individuals of another by getting there first

Question 24

overgrowth competition

Answer 24

individuals of one species grow over individuals of another species, inhibiting access to a resource

Question 25

chemical interaction competition

Answer 25

individuals of one species release growth inhibitors or toxins that inhibit or kill other species

Question 26

Allelopathy in plants

Answer 26

secretion of chemicals that inhibit germination of other species

Question 27

Territorial competition

Answer 27

The behaviour of one species, excludes another species from a specific location that is defended as a territory

Question 28

Encounter competition

Answer 28

non-territorial encounter between individuals of different species that affects one or more of the individuals involved

Question 29

resource partitioning

Based on the fact that over time, natural selection favours

Answer 29

A reduction in competition among coexisting species,

individuals of each species, that avoid or at least reduce competition for limited environmental resources

Question 30

competitive release __________________________
when ________________
or _______

Answer 30

• results in the expansion of species niche
• a competitor is no longer present
• when a species invades a habitat that is free of potential competitors

Question 31

Parasties must __________ and __________ before host death but often cannot ________

Answer 31

leave one host
relocate to another
do this at will

Question 32

To successfully migrate a parasite must

Answer 32

adapt its own life history with the hosts feeding, mating, and social behaviors

Question 33

natural selection favours strains that _____ a host without ________

Answer 33

• infect

- killing