lec 3

Question 1

cells first discovered by

Answer 1

robert hooke

Question 2

anton von leewenhoek

Answer 2

discovered first living cells

Question 3

schwann and schleiden

Answer 3

suggested cells are the basic unit of life (cell-theory)

Question 4

Rudolf virchow

Answer 4

concluded all cells come from preexisting cells(cell-theory)

Question 5

Modern cell theory

Answer 5

1) the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms
2) All cells arise from pre existing cells by division
3) Energy flow occurs within cells
4) Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
5) All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in living species
6) All known living things are made up of one or more cells
7) The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells

Question 6

nitrogen

Answer 6

is a vital element in all proteins

Question 7

95% of body mass from

Answer 7

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen

Question 8

Calcium

Answer 8

essential for bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, muscle contraction, cellular metabolism and trasmission of nerve impulses

Question 9

phosphorus

Answer 9

works closely with calcium in bone formation, helps store energy, crucial in membrane function, backbone of dna

Question 10

chlorine

Answer 10

most important electrolyte in body when combined with sodium, a lack of it causes cramping
- regulates acid/base balance in blood and hydrochloric acid in stomach

Question 11

Magnesium

Answer 11

muscle relaxant, regulates calcium and creates ATP

Question 12

sulfur

Answer 12

makes amino acids, tissues for hormones, enzymes and antibodies

Question 13

iron

Answer 13

allows hemoglobin to bind oxygen

Question 14

60% of animal body mass is

Answer 14

water

Question 15

specialized macromolecules in living organism

Answer 15

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids

Question 16

water

Answer 16

medium for blood transport including hemoglobin, nutrients, electrolytes, waste, immune system
- involved in transport of molecules in and out of cells

Question 17

heridity of all living things coded in

Answer 17

DNA and RNA

Question 18

Proteins present in the same organisms bc

Answer 18

they perform the same function

Question 19

virus

Answer 19

genetic material contained within a protective protein coat called a capsid
do not have a cellular structure
unable to reproduce outside of a living organism and must infect the cells of living organisms

Question 20

Viroids

Answer 20

infectious particle of plants that depend on plant enzymes to replicate
Do not have cellular structure
Small rna molecule
- rna of viroids do not code for any proteins

Question 21

prions

Answer 21

proteins lacking hereditary material

Question 22

viruses are not living because

Answer 22

not cellular(but have similar organization), cannot produce or consume energy they borrow it, cannot regulate internal environment, cannot reproduce independently, cannot grow