lec 2

Question 1

Neo-darwinism

Answer 1

combination of Darwin’s theory and modern understanding(genetics, biochemistry)

Question 2

8 characteristics of life

Answer 2

1) All life consists of one or more cells
2) life requires a constant input of energy and raw materials
3) living organisms can regulate their internal environment
4) Life is able to respond to stimuli in their environment
5) Life’s ability to reproduce itself is it’s most obvious and unique characteristic
6) Growth/development/healing - those processes that increase the amount of living substance in the organism
7) purposeful movement of oneself or part of you from one place to another
8) life adapts through evolution

Question 3

species of protists

Answer 3

about 250000

Question 4

autotrophic

Answer 4

derived from themselves

Question 5

photoautotrophs

Answer 5

create energy using Co2 H20 and the sun’s energy

Question 6

chemoautotrophs

Answer 6

oxidize inorganic compounds(sulfur nitrites and iron) to create carbohydrates

Question 7

photoheterotrophs

Answer 7

require organic matter and the sun’s energy

Question 8

chemoheterotrophs

Answer 8

obtain organic matter for both energy and as a carbon source

Question 9

consumers

Answer 9

feed on other living organisms

Question 10

Detrotivores

Answer 10

feed on dead organic material by ingesting it

Question 11

saprotrophs

Answer 11

feed on dead organic material by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the products of digestion

Question 12

homeostasis

Answer 12

chemical and physical consistency

Question 13

Endotherms

Answer 13

small range in which they are able to function and create their own heat

Question 14

Ectotherms

Answer 14

have a wide range in which they operate and obtain heat from the environment

Question 15

organisms senses

Answer 15

strongly tied to their habitat and way of life

Question 16

replication

Answer 16

ensures that an individuals chemical and physical properties are replicated and preserved in a new generation

Question 17

Asexual reproduction types

Answer 17

Fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis

Question 18

fission

Answer 18

one individual seperates into two or more individuals of equal size

Question 19

budding

Answer 19

new individual arises from the outgrowth of another

Question 20

fragmentation

Answer 20

parent breaks off into pieces, each piece give’s rise to a new individual

Question 21

parthenogenesis

Answer 21

individual develops from an unfertilized egg

Question 22

conjugation

Answer 22

two organisms fuse along a common surface and exchange micronuclei or plasmid, no increase in number of individuals

Question 23

gametogeny

Answer 23

production of games leading to fertilization and ultimately the production of new individuals

Question 24

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 24

Rapid population growth in favorable conditions, no energy for finding mate,

Question 25

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 25

all offspring clones with no variation

Question 26

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 26

increase genetic variation enhancing reproductive success in changing environments

Question 27

disadvantages

Answer 27

finding a mate is energy extensive

population growth is slower

Question 28

growth

Answer 28

an increase in cell mass or an increase in the size of individual cells

Question 29

movement includes

Answer 29

locomotion and movement of material within an individual

Question 30

evolution results in

Answer 30

traits that promote survival and reproductive success within a specific environment

Question 31

Evolution is possible because

Answer 31

of the numerous variations that exist within each species