lec 2 Flashcards
Neo-darwinism
combination of Darwin’s theory and modern understanding(genetics, biochemistry)
8 characteristics of life
1) All life consists of one or more cells
2) life requires a constant input of energy and raw materials
3) living organisms can regulate their internal environment
4) Life is able to respond to stimuli in their environment
5) Life’s ability to reproduce itself is it’s most obvious and unique characteristic
6) Growth/development/healing - those processes that increase the amount of living substance in the organism
7) purposeful movement of oneself or part of you from one place to another
8) life adapts through evolution
species of protists
about 250000
autotrophic
derived from themselves
photoautotrophs
create energy using Co2 H20 and the sun’s energy
chemoautotrophs
oxidize inorganic compounds(sulfur nitrites and iron) to create carbohydrates
photoheterotrophs
require organic matter and the sun’s energy
chemoheterotrophs
obtain organic matter for both energy and as a carbon source
consumers
feed on other living organisms
Detrotivores
feed on dead organic material by ingesting it
saprotrophs
feed on dead organic material by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the products of digestion
homeostasis
chemical and physical consistency
Endotherms
small range in which they are able to function and create their own heat
Ectotherms
have a wide range in which they operate and obtain heat from the environment
organisms senses
strongly tied to their habitat and way of life
replication
ensures that an individuals chemical and physical properties are replicated and preserved in a new generation
Asexual reproduction types
Fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogenesis
fission
one individual seperates into two or more individuals of equal size
budding
new individual arises from the outgrowth of another
fragmentation
parent breaks off into pieces, each piece give’s rise to a new individual
parthenogenesis
individual develops from an unfertilized egg
conjugation
two organisms fuse along a common surface and exchange micronuclei or plasmid, no increase in number of individuals
gametogeny
production of games leading to fertilization and ultimately the production of new individuals
advantages of asexual reproduction
Rapid population growth in favorable conditions, no energy for finding mate,
disadvantages of asexual reproduction
all offspring clones with no variation
advantages of sexual reproduction
increase genetic variation enhancing reproductive success in changing environments
disadvantages
finding a mate is energy extensive
population growth is slower
growth
an increase in cell mass or an increase in the size of individual cells
movement includes
locomotion and movement of material within an individual
evolution results in
traits that promote survival and reproductive success within a specific environment
Evolution is possible because
of the numerous variations that exist within each species
